An on-Line Handwriting-Recognition System Based on Unreliable Modules

Abstract

In automatic recognition of unrestricted handwriting the ambiguities can be solved by top-down processing. However, automatic systems never have access to the extended background knowledge available to human readers. In order to replace this higher-level information we need to improve the reliability of the bottom-up processing. A handwriting-recognition system can be split up into six discrete blocks: (1) digitizing, word segmentation, pre-processing, and segmentation into strokes, (2) normalization of global handwriting parameters, (3) extraction of features per stroke, (4) allograph recognition, (5) optional word hypothesization, and, in order to allow recognition (6) a learning phase. The present paper discusses the design of three of these processing blocks: normalization, allograph recognition, and learning and brie y speci es feature extraction. Normalization concerns orientation, size, and slant. However, various alternative algorithms can be chosen and some algorithms yield more reliable results than others. A mechanism is proposed that will, sooner or later, nd the most appropriate normalization algorithms. Consequently, the features extracted from each stroke in the handwriting pattern will be more uniform within a writer and even between writers. In the recognition phase, handwriting patterns are segmented into allographs using an algorithm that can handle allographs with various numbers of strokes and with optional connection strokes between them. In order to teach the recognizer the allographs a method has been designed that builts non-interactively a lexicon of allographs by automatically discovering the allographs in a large corpus of cursive script.

Towards collaborative agents for automatic on-line handwriting recognition

“…Why not use the term 'module', 'daemon', 'expert' etc. as used in earlier studies [15]? Fortunately, the agent paradigm offers a number of useful definitions [17], as well as new forms of functionality which were not present -or only rudimentarily present -in older paradigms.…”

An improved classification for cursive script recognition

“…For a review, see [l, 21. Our work follows mainly the statistical approach [3]. We have chosen to identify the words at the letter level, that is to try to find letters before recognizing words.…”