An On-Line Cross-Sectional Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge of COVID-19 Pandemic among Citizens Tested for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Quito and Ibarra, Ecuador

Ortega-Paredes, David; Zurita, Jeannete; Zurita, Camilo; Leoro-Garzón, Paula; Leoro-Monroy, Galo; Larrea-Álvarez, César Marcelo; Loaiza, Karen; Fernández-Moreira, Esteban; Molina-Cuasapaz, Gabriel; Larrea-Álvarez, Marco

doi:10.3390/ijerph18041691

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Lateral flow testing is less widely represented in the evidence base and is more likely to feature in articles and preprints based on more recently collected data [ 22 , 38 ]. The characteristics of all studies included in the review are summarized in Table 1 [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that explored facilitating factors included research on participants' knowledge and awareness of testing types and how they work [36,44] and research on people's identification and interpretation of COVID-19 symptoms, including how this affects testseeking behavior [30,[45][46][47]. Multiple studies in this research area gathered data on people's self-reported motivations for undergoing or avoiding testing [22][23][24]26,27,29,30,32,35,37,38,[40][41][42][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Scope Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study results show that, since the start of the pandemic, members of the public in multiple countries have rapidly come up to speed with a complex typology of testing technologies and formats for the SARS-COV-2 virus and have, in many cases, gained a general understanding of the main symptoms and clinical presentation of the COVID-19 disease [36,44,53]. Nonetheless, the most important finding under this theme was an association between people's interpretation and (mis)recognition of symptoms and their test-seeking behavior, in many cases relating to their failure to seek testing when symptomatic [30,42,[45][46][47]49].…”

Section: Test Knowledge and Symptom Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

2021

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Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people’s everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scope Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Knowledge and Symptom Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

2021

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“…Previous studies assessing knowledge of COVID-19 in Ecuadorians have reported a correct response rate of around 80% [20,21], which can be considered moderate [22][23][24]. It could be argued that COVID-19 literacy is not necessarily proficient in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It could be argued that COVID-19 literacy is not necessarily proficient in the area. In general, Ecuadorian citizens demonstrated knowledge about symptoms, detection, transmission and prevention of the disease [20,21]. However, participants not only agreed with misconceptions regarding the use of unproven and traditional treatments but also lacked a proper understanding of the virus' origins and composition [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Knowledge of COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students in North-Central Ecuador

Ortega-Paredes

Larrea-Álvarez

Jijón

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Adherence to preventive measures is influenced by people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices towards a disease; therefore, assessing knowledge of COVID-19 is critical in the overall effort to contain the outbreak. This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates (n = 3621) of different programs and different levels of education associated with universities in north-central Ecuador. The form consisted of 32 questions covering demographics, symptoms, detection, treatment, transmission, prevention and knowledge of the virus. The rate of correct answers was 75.5% (21.1 ± 5 out of 28), with differences observed regarding program of study, educational level and location of institution (α = 0.05), although effect size analyses showed that these differences could not be considered large. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that lower scores were associated with initial stages of education, careers related to social sciences and location of institution. Participants possessed sufficient knowledge about detection, transmission and prevention, although they overestimated fatality rate and were less confident about the characteristics of the virus and the effectiveness of traditional medicine. Consequently, future educational programs must place emphasis on addressing deficient knowledge. Certainly, improving COVID-19 literacy will promote the appropriate application of protective measures aimed at preventing the virus’ spread.

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The hidden burden of medical testing: public views and experiences of COVID-19 testing as a social and ethical process

2022

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Background In May 2020, the Scottish Government launched Test and Protect, a test, trace and isolate programme for COVID-19 that includes a PCR testing component. The programme’s success depended on the willingness of members of the public to seek out testing when they experienced symptoms and to comply with guidelines on isolation should they test positive. Drawing on qualitative interview-based research, this paper analyses public understandings, expectations, and experiences of COVID-19 testing during the early stages of the programme. Through anthropological and sociological analysis of the findings we aim to contribute to social understandings of COVID-19 testing practices; and to inform the design of population level testing programmes for future pandemics. Methods Between 7 July and 24 September 2020, 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the general public (aged 19–85) living in the Lothian region of Scotland. Interviews were held online or by telephone, were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis informed by anthropological and sociological theories of medical testing. Findings Social relationships and ethical considerations shape testing practices at every stage of the testing process. Members of the public viewed testing as a civic duty to society and moral duty to friends, family, and colleagues. However, the testing process also placed a significant social, economic, and practical burden on the individual and sometimes generated competing obligations. Many participants experienced a disconnect between the government’s portrayal of testing as easy and the everyday burden of testing. Conclusions COVID-19 testing is experienced as a social process shaped by multiple relationships and ethical considerations. The full burden of testing should be considered in the design of future testing programmes.

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An On-Line Cross-Sectional Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge of COVID-19 Pandemic among Citizens Tested for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Quito and Ibarra, Ecuador

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Knowledge of COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students in North-Central Ecuador

The hidden burden of medical testing: public views and experiences of COVID-19 testing as a social and ethical process

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