“…For example, irradiation with microwaves of the hydrogen-bonded strands of DNA could lead to modifications in chain superstructure. On the other hand, the phosphoester moiety itself, despite the fact that it possesses rather polar portions usually associated with microwave uptake, showed little or no microwave absorption over a wide range of frequencies (1000−10 000 MHz), as was reported by two independent groups of scientists at Uppsala University in Sweden and King's College in London . The model reaction we have studied is the hydrolysis of bis( p -nitrophenyl) phosphodiester with copper(II) 2,2‘-bipyridyl complex, as shown in Scheme .…”