An oil-in-water nanoemulsion enhances immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccine in mice

Abstract

To enhance the immunogenicity of the Influenza H5N1 vaccine, we developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. NE displayed good temperature stability and maintained particle size. More importantly, it significantly enhanced IL-6 and MCP-1 production to recruit innate cells, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells to the local environment. Furthermore, NE enhanced dendritic cell function to induce robust antigen-specific T and B cell immune responses. NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine not only elicited significantly higher and long-lasting antibody responses, but also conferred enhanced protection against homologous clade 1 as well as heterologous clade 2 H5N1 virus challenge in young as well as in aged mice. The pre-existing immunity to seasonal influenza did not affect the immunogenicity of NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine.

Nasal delivery of H5N1 avian influenza vaccine formulated with GenJet™ or in vivo-jetPEI®induces enhanced serological, cellular and protective immune responses

“…Vaccination to prevent infection is no doubt the most cost-effective public health strategy. Unfortunately, the current avian influenza vaccines are poorly immunogenic even with high dose or alternative immunization route as shown in animal studies and human clinical trials (FDA, 2007 ; Layton et al., 2011a , 2011b ; Cao et al., 2016 ; Jones et al., 2017 ). The manufacturing capacity is also limited to produce enough vaccine in a pandemic situation.…”

A review article: Drug delivery systems, preparation techniques, and biological applications using nanoemulsion as a novel platform

“…When nanoemulsions are utilized as a medication delivery mechanism, they increase the drug's therapeutic effectiveness while reducing side effects and toxic responses. Treatment of infections of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), vaccination [11], enzyme replacement therapy in the liver [12], and cancer treatment [13] are all examples of major enforcement. Antibiotics [11], DNA-encoded drugs, cosmetic and topical preparations are administered in a variety of methods, including pulmonary, oral, intranasal, and ocular [14].…”

Nanoemulsions: Formulation, characterization, biological fate, and potential role against COVID-19 and other viral outbreaks

“…[ 216 ]. Moreover, O/W NEs adjuvant vaccines elicit immunity through multiple pathways that offer effective protection against viruses [ 217 , 218 ]. Adjuvants are essential components in vaccine formulations as they reduce the number of antigen epitopes needed to elicit an immune response [ 219 , 220 ].…”