An ODE-Based design of spatial charging/discharging patterns of in-vehicle batteries for provision of ancillary service

Mizuta, Naoto; Susuki, Yoshihiko; Ota, Yutaka; Ishigame, Atsushi

doi:10.1109/ccta.2017.8062462

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This simulation is done in a connection of multiple components occurring in practice such as hardware, software (digital simulator), communication lines, and measurement devices. Second, we show that the Multi-Objective AS, technically, the algorithm in [13], [14] works in a dynamic situation, where both the grid's frequency and distribution voltage profile can change in time. Validating its effectiveness in the dynamic situation is novel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In [13], [14], we developed a simple algorithm to synthesize a spatial pattern of charging/discharging operations of in-vehicle batteries for providing the Primary Frequency Control (PFC) reserve as well as mitigating its voltage impact, to which we refer as the Multi-Objective AS. PFC is called frequency response in PJM [4] and needs the fast responsiveness in AS that is of several hundred milliseconds to several seconds [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Power-HIL testbed is developed in [21], [22] for experimental studies on the frequency control of a transmission grid by smart inverters and on the voltage management of a distribution grid. In this paper, based on [13], [14], [21], [22], we report a series of experimental data of the Power-HIL testing on the Multi-Objective AS by in-vehicle batteries for a simple setup of transmission and distribution grids. The main contributions of this paper are twofold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of this paper is organized as follows: in Section II we review the algorithm for synthesis of charging/discharging operation of in-vehicle batteries proposed in [13], [14]. In Section III we introduce the Power-HIL testbed that we use throughout this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test on the Multi-Objective Ancillary Service by In-Vehicle Batteries: Primary Frequency Control and Distribution Voltage Support

et al. 2019

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The motivation of our research is to pursue a possibility of utilizing electric vehicles for the future operation of power transmission and distribution grids. In this paper, we report a Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (Power-HIL) testing on the provision of Ancillary Service (AS) by in-vehicle batteries. The AS of our interest is multi-objective in the sense that it simultaneously provides both primary frequency control reserve for a transmission grid and voltage support for a high-voltage distribution grid. The Power-HIL testing is crucial to validating the Multi-Objective AS because the dynamics of the grids and of power conditioning systems emerge in a common time scale, latter of which involves modeling difficulties and thus needs their inclusion as real physical devices, that is, Power-HIL. We show that the Multi-Objective AS is simulated consistently in a Power-HIL testbed and works effectively in a dynamic situation of transmission and distribution grids. INDEX TERMS Ancillary service, electric vehicle, frequency control, hardware-in-the-loop, power system, vehicle-to-grid, voltage control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test on the Multi-Objective Ancillary Service by In-Vehicle Batteries: Primary Frequency Control and Distribution Voltage Support

et al. 2019

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“…The algorithm proposed here is demonstrated with numerical simulations of the two models: the single feeder model and a realistic feeder model with multiple bifurcations. This paper is a substantially-enhanced version of our conference paper [20]. The algorithm in [20] was developed for synthesizing the active power only; in this paper we generalize it for synthesizing both active and reactive power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Spatial Charging/Discharging Patterns of In-Vehicle Batteries for Provision of Ancillary Service and Mitigation of Voltage Impact

Mizuta

Susuki

Ota

et al. 2019

IEEE Systems Journal

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We develop an algorithm for synthesizing a spatial pattern of charging/discharging operations of in-vehicle batteries for provision of Ancillary Service (AS) in power distribution grids. The algorithm is based on the ODE (Ordinary Differential Equation) model of distribution voltage that has been recently introduced. In this paper, firstly, we derive analytical solutions of the ODE model for a single straight-line feeder through a partial linearization, thereby providing a physical insight to the impact of spatial EV charging/discharging to the distribution voltage. Second, based on the analytical solutions, we propose an algorithm for determining the values of charging/discharging power (active and reactive) by in-vehicle batteries in the single feeder grid, so that the power demanded as AS (e.g. a regulation signal to distribution system operator for primary frequency control reserve) is provided by EVs, and the deviation of distribution voltage from a nominal value is reduced in the grid. Effectiveness of the algorithm is established with numerical simulations on the single feeder grid and on a realistic feeder grid with multiple bifurcations. following a change of frequency is in the ranges of two to three seconds, which is sufficient as the requirement of primary reserve listed in [5]. Regarding this, in this paper we will propose a computationally simple method for determining the values of charging/discharging power by in-vehicle batteries in order to satisfy the power demanded as AS.There are several problems on the provision of AS by EVs. One problem is to manage the impact of charging/discharging of a large number of EVs to a distribution grid. An EV is regarded as an autonomously moving battery in the spatial domain and can conduct the charging and discharging (in principle) anywhere in the grid. Thus, to maintain the nominal distribution voltage while providing the AS by EVs is a challenging subject. In fact, Clement-Nyns et al. [10,11] study the impact of EV charging to the distribution grid using the load-flow analysis and propose optimization-based methods for determining the timing and amount of charging power in order to reduce the voltage deviation. Also, Falahi et al.[12] study the control of reactive power by grid-connected inverters of in-vehicle batteries for the voltage regulation and propose an optimization-based method for determining the reactive power injected to a grid from EVs in order to reduce the voltage deviation.Currently, we are developing methodology and tools for provision of AS under cooperation with an EV-sharing system, as a part of the research project "Integrated Design of Local EMSs 1 and their Aggregation Scenario Considering Energy Consumption Behaviors and Cooperative Use of Decentralized In-Vehicle Batteries [13]." An EV-sharing system has a function of tracking trajectories of EVs to allocate them upon user's request [14,15]. The authors of [16] propose to use the function of EV-sharing system for community-level energy management. This work opens a new possibility ...

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A Continuum Approach to Assessing the Impact of Spatiotemporal EV Charging to Distribution Grids

Susuki

Mizuta

Ishigame

et al. 2020

Power Electronics and Power Systems

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An ODE-Based design of spatial charging/discharging patterns of in-vehicle batteries for provision of ancillary service

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test on the Multi-Objective Ancillary Service by In-Vehicle Batteries: Primary Frequency Control and Distribution Voltage Support

A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test on the Multi-Objective Ancillary Service by In-Vehicle Batteries: Primary Frequency Control and Distribution Voltage Support

Synthesis of Spatial Charging/Discharging Patterns of In-Vehicle Batteries for Provision of Ancillary Service and Mitigation of Voltage Impact

A Continuum Approach to Assessing the Impact of Spatiotemporal EV Charging to Distribution Grids

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