An Ocean Refractometer: Resolving Millimeter-Scale Turbulent Density Fluctuations via the Refractive Index

Alford, Matthew H.; Gerdt, David W.; Adkins, Charles M.

doi:10.1175/jtech1830.1

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Potential density data were also used to compute overturns from Thorpe scales (Thorpe 1977;Dillon 1982;Ferron et al 1998;Alford et al 2006a), giving estimates of turbulent dissipation rate and diapycnal diffusivity K r 5 G/N 2 (Osborn 1980), where G 5 0.2 is the mixing efficiency and N 2 is the average buoyancy gradient.…”

Section: Measurements and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flux and Dissipation in Luzon Strait: Two Tales of Two Ridges

Alford

MacKinnon

Nash

et al. 2011

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Self Cite

233

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation are investigated in Luzon Strait, a system of two quasi-parallel ridges situated between Taiwan and the Philippines. Two profiling moorings deployed for about 20 days and a set of nineteen 36-h lowered ADCP-CTD time series stations allowed separate measurement of diurnal and semidiurnal internal tide signals. Measurements were concentrated on a northern line, where the ridge spacing was approximately equal to the mode-1 wavelength for semidiurnal motions, and a southern line, where the spacing was approximately two-thirds that. The authors contrast the two sites to emphasize the potential importance of resonance between generation sites. Throughout Luzon Strait, baroclinic energy, energy fluxes, and turbulent dissipation were some of the strongest ever measured. Peak-to-peak baroclinic velocity and vertical displacements often exceeded 2 m s 21 and 300 m, respectively. Energy fluxes exceeding 60 kW m 21 were measured at spring tide at the western end of the southern line. On the northern line, where the western ridge generates appreciable eastward-moving signals, net energy flux between the ridges was much smaller, exhibiting a nearly standing wave pattern. Overturns tens to hundreds of meters high were observed at almost all stations. Associated dissipation was elevated in the bottom 500-1000 m but was strongest by far atop the western ridge on the northern line, where .500-m overturns resulted in dissipation exceeding 2 3 10 26 W kg 21 (implying diapycnal diffusivity K r . 0.2 m 2 s 21 ). Integrated dissipation at this location is comparable to conversion and flux divergence terms in the energy budget. The authors speculate that resonance between the two ridges may partly explain the energetic motions and heightened dissipation.

show abstract

Section: Measurements and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flux and Dissipation in Luzon Strait: Two Tales of Two Ridges

Alford

MacKinnon

Nash

et al. 2011

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Self Cite

233

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… is typically chosen as 1 mm  = in a region near the ocean surface. We also note that the specified values belonging to the different layers of ocean are measured by the refractometer [26].…”

Section: Power Spectrum Of Oceanic Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Aperture Averaged Scintillation of Gaussian Beam in Strong Oceanic Turbulence

Gökçe

2021

Gazi University Journal of Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, as a result of the disadvantages of a tedious and time consuming process for the direct determination of salinity, much effort has been made to perform the indirect measurements of salinity by the determination of density in laboratory saline solutions or seawater samples, which are usually conducted by measuring the electrical conductivity [9,10], refractive index [11,12], vibration frequency of resonant cantilever or tube [5,6,7,8,13] and ultrasonic properties [14,15]. Among these methods, significant differences in density measurement have been demonstrated when comparing the result of each approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis in Determination of Density and Temperature of Saline Solution Using Fiber Optic Photoacoustic Transducer Coated with MoS2-PDMS Composite

Liu

Xiao

2019

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regarding the ultrasound determination of density-dependent salinity in seawater, a miniature broadband (up to ~12.8 MHz at 6 dB bandwidth) fiber-tip photoacoustic transducer coated with an ~68.32 μm thick MoS2-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite was developed for simultaneously measuring the temperature and density of laboratory saline solutions, along with a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) for ultrasound detection. The two parameters, respectively, ranging 20 °C to 50 °C and from 0.99 g/cm3 to 1.10 g/cm3 were measured and then extracted based on the regressive dependence on the propagation speed and attenuation of the ultrasonic wave. In terms of the established linear regression model and estimated regression characteristic parameters, the calculated temperature and density results, respectively, exhibited the extended uncertainty values of 1 °C and 1.08 × 10−3 g/cm3 (k = 2.132), accompanied with an excellent goodness of fit (R2 > 0.97) and significance of the binary linear regression (F >> F0.01). The highly consistent experimental data confirmed the accuracy of our method, thus suggesting the potential of measuring salinity in seawater using compact fiber-optic photo-induced ultrasound scheme.

show abstract

An Ocean Refractometer: Resolving Millimeter-Scale Turbulent Density Fluctuations via the Refractive Index

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Energy Flux and Dissipation in Luzon Strait: Two Tales of Two Ridges

Energy Flux and Dissipation in Luzon Strait: Two Tales of Two Ridges

Aperture Averaged Scintillation of Gaussian Beam in Strong Oceanic Turbulence

Error Analysis in Determination of Density and Temperature of Saline Solution Using Fiber Optic Photoacoustic Transducer Coated with MoS2-PDMS Composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About