Abstract:Conservation of rare and highly mobile species is frequently limited by a lack of monitoring data. Critically endangered regent honeyeaters (Anthochaera phrygia, population 350–400) pose a substantial conservation challenge because of their high mobility and irregular settlement throughout their estimated 600,000‐km2 range. Given an ongoing population decline, enhanced monitoring efforts to inform population management are needed. We conducted an occupancy survey of regent honeyeaters and other nectarivores ov… Show more
“…Although nests are often spatially aggregated, Regent Honeyeaters do not appear to be synchronised breeders (Oliver et al 1998). Regent Honeyeaters are often associated with riparian habitat during the breeding season (Geering and French 1998;Crates et al 2017).…”
Nest predation is a primary cause of nest failure in open cup nesting woodland birds and low reproductive success is a common reason that reintroduced species fail to establish in the wild. We used video monitoring to record the breeding outcomes and identify the causes of nest failure in a reintroduced population of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater. We intensively monitored 28 nesting attempts of 13 pairs during the 2015 breeding season, and found that the probability of individual nest success was 0.21 (from egg laying to fledging). We report for the first time Sugar and Squirrel Gliders depredating Regent Honeyeater nests. In addition to losses attributed to predation, a high proportion of chicks died in the nest from unknown causes. Our results show that rates of nest initiation and success are low in reintroduced Regent Honeyeaters, and future reintroductions 2 should attempt to mitigate the threat of nest predation. Other sources of nest failure and barriers to nest initiation and egg laying are priority areas for future research.
“…Although nests are often spatially aggregated, Regent Honeyeaters do not appear to be synchronised breeders (Oliver et al 1998). Regent Honeyeaters are often associated with riparian habitat during the breeding season (Geering and French 1998;Crates et al 2017).…”
Nest predation is a primary cause of nest failure in open cup nesting woodland birds and low reproductive success is a common reason that reintroduced species fail to establish in the wild. We used video monitoring to record the breeding outcomes and identify the causes of nest failure in a reintroduced population of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater. We intensively monitored 28 nesting attempts of 13 pairs during the 2015 breeding season, and found that the probability of individual nest success was 0.21 (from egg laying to fledging). We report for the first time Sugar and Squirrel Gliders depredating Regent Honeyeater nests. In addition to losses attributed to predation, a high proportion of chicks died in the nest from unknown causes. Our results show that rates of nest initiation and success are low in reintroduced Regent Honeyeaters, and future reintroductions 2 should attempt to mitigate the threat of nest predation. Other sources of nest failure and barriers to nest initiation and egg laying are priority areas for future research.
“…For example, the Regent Honeyeater ( Anthochaera Phrygia ) is rare and highly mobile (Crates et al . ), making it difficult to know where to locate monitoring sites to confidently detect population changes given low and variable occupancy over time. Monitoring design should be informed by the type and quantity of data required, what analyses are to be conducted, the variability in the dynamics of the species or system (e.g.…”
Section: Essential Principles For Making the Monitoring Of Threatenedmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Species rarity can invoke particular sampling and detection challenges. For example, the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera Phrygia) is rare and highly mobile (Crates et al 2017), making it difficult to know where to locate monitoring sites to confidently detect population changes given low and variable occupancy over time.…”
Section: Principle 1 Integra Te Monitoring With Managemen Tmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…; Crates et al . ). There are restrictions in the use of experimental methods due to ethical issues of working with threatened species and a greater requirement to avoid negative consequences (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Threatened species monitoring is, however, even more challenging than monitoring non-threatened taxa. Attributes such as rarity, low or variable detectability, and narrow habitat niches present challenges with design and logistics (Martin et al 2007;Crates et al 2017). There are restrictions in the use of experimental methods due to ethical issues of working with threatened species and a greater requirement to avoid negative consequences (e.g.…”
Summary
Monitoring is essential for effective conservation and management of threatened species and ecological communities. However, more often than not, threatened species monitoring is poorly implemented, meaning that conservation decisions are not informed by the best available knowledge. We outline challenges and provide best‐practice guidelines for threatened species monitoring, informed by the diverse perspectives of 26 conservation managers and scientists from a range of organisations with expertise across Australian species and ecosystems. Our collective expertise synthesised five key principles that aim to enhance the design, implementation and outcomes of threatened species monitoring. These principles are (i) integrate monitoring with management; (ii) design fit‐for‐purpose monitoring programs; (iii) engage people and organisations; (iv) ensure good data management; and (v) communicate the value of monitoring. We describe how to incorporate these principles into existing frameworks to improve current and future monitoring programs. Effective monitoring is essential to inform appropriate management and enable better conservation outcomes for our most vulnerable species and ecological communities.
Advances in hierarchical modeling have improved estimation of ecological parameters from count data, especially those quantifying population abundance, distribution, and dynamics by explicitly accounting for observation processes, particularly incomplete detection. Even hierarchical models that account for incomplete detection, however, cannot compensate for data limitations stemming from poorly planned sampling. Ecologists therefore need guidance for planning count‐based studies that follow established sampling theory, collect appropriate data, and apply current modeling approaches to answer their research questions. We synthesize available literature relevant to guiding count‐based studies. Considering the central historical and ongoing contributions of avian studies to ecological knowledge, we focus on birds as a case study for this review, but the basic principles apply to all populations whose members are sufficiently observable to be counted. The sequence of our review represents the thought process in which we encourage ecologists to engage 1) the research question(s) and population parameters to measure, 2) sampling design, 3) analytical framework, 4) temporal design, and 5) survey protocol. We also provide 2 hypothetical demonstrations of these study plan components representing different research questions and study systems. Mirroring the structure of hierarchical models, we suggest researchers primarily focus on the ecological processes of interest when designing their approach to sampling, and wait to consider logistical constraints of data collection and observation processes when developing the survey protocol. We offer a broad framework for researchers planning count‐based studies, while pointing to relevant literature elaborating on particular tools and concepts.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.