An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy

Mohebali, Mehdi; Edrissian, Gholam Hossein; Shirzadi, Mohammad Reza; Akhoundi, Behnaz; Hajjaran, Homa; Zarei, Zabihollah; Molaei, Soheila; Sharifi, Iraj; Mamishi, Setareh; Mahmoudvand, Hossein; Torabi, Vahideh; Moshfe, Abdolali; Malmasi, Abdolali; Motazedian, Mohammad Hossein; Fakhar, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.02.003

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Based on previous studies in endemic areas of CVL in Iran, 13-24 % of infected dogs had clinical manifestations thus, almost 75 % of infected dogs were asymptomatic (Mohebali et al 2005;Mohebali et al 2011). Based on study carried out by (Moshfe et al 2009), asymptomatic dogs had potential role of transmission of L. infantum to susceptible hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that is endemic in tropical and sub tropical countries and is fatal in humans and dogs. In addition to symptomatic dogs, asymptomatic ones seem as source of Leishmania infantum infection. Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in asymptomatic domestic dogs from in an endemic area of north west, Iran. A cross sectional study was carried out in Meshkin-Shahr district during 2011-2012. Blood samples collected from 508 asymptomatic domestic dogs were tested by direct agglutination test. In this study 508 dogs (397 males and 111 females, mean age, 3.24 years) from western and eastern parts of the MeshkinShahr were examined. A total of 508 dogs examined 119 dogs (23.4 %) had antibodies (titers of C1:320) against L. infantum. Statistically significance was occurred between male (25.4 %) and female (16.2) sero-prevalence (P = 0.042). No statistically significance was observed between age groups (P = 0.22). Compared with previous studies it seems to increase sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in the studied areas caused by ecological changes. High proportion of asymptomatic but seropositive dogs emphasizes the importance of dogs without clinical signs in the epidemiology of zoonotic leishmaniasis. Thus, the necessity of using serological tests in asymptomatic dogs is recommended for disease control strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The dog serum samples were tested by DAT according to the methods described by (el Harith et al 1989;Mohebali et al 2011;Mohebali et al 2006). For initial screening purposes, two fold dilutions were prepared from 1:80 and 1:320 in dog samples.…”

Section: Dat Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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“…Leishmania antibodies were detected by DAT conducted as described by (Mohebali et al 2011(Mohebali et al , 2006. In brief, DAT antigens were prepared from L. infantum promastigotes at the protozoology unit of the School of Public Health at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem in Iran, with endemic areas including Ardabil and East Azerbaijan in the northwest and the provinces of Fars and Bushehr in the south (Mohebali et al 2005(Mohebali et al , 2011. The disease is frequently fatal if untreated, with almost 500,000 new cases per year and more than 50,000 deaths, so rapid and accurate diagnosis is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SYBR green-based detection of Leishmania infantum DNA using peripheral blood samples

et al. 2014

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Parasitological methods for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) require invasive sampling procedures. The aim of this study was to detect Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) DNA by real time-PCR method in peripheral blood of symptomatic VL patient and compared its performance with nested PCR, an established molecular method with very high diagnostic indices. 47 parasitologically confirmed VL patients diagnosed by direct agglutination test (DAT [ 3200), bone marrow aspiration and presented characteristic clinical features (fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia) and 40 controls (non-endemic healthy control-30, Malaria-2, Toxoplasma gondii-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-2, HBV-1, HCV-1, HSV-1 and CMV-1) were enrolled in this study. SYBR-green based real time-PCR and nested PCR was performed to amplify the Kinetoplast DNA minicircle gene using the DNA extracted from Buffy coat. From among 47 patients, 45 (95.7 %) were positive by both nested-PCR and real time-PCR. These results indicate that real time-PCR was not only as sensitive as a nested-PCR assay for detection of Leishmania kDNA in clinical sample, but also more rapid. The advantage of real time-PCR based methods over nested-PCR is simple to perform, more faster in which nested-PCR requires post-PCR processing and reducing contamination risk.

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“…The mortality rate for this disease can be reduced by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment (1) . Epidemiological studies have shown that Mediterranean VL caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum occurs in different parts of Iran, and domestic dogs are the principal source of infection (2) .…”

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Comparison of recombinant A2-ELISA with rKE16 dipstick and direct agglutination tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in Northwestern Iran

Farahmand

Khalaj

Mohebali

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Various methods are used for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), such as microscopic examination, culture and inoculation of laboratory animals; however, serological assays are commonly used for the detection of antibodies in serum samples with a wide range of specifi city and sensitivity. Methods: The purpose of this study was to compare three serological methods, including rA2-ELISA, the recombinant KE16 (rKE16) dipstick test and the direct agglutination test (DAT), for the detection of antibodies against VL antigens. The assays utilized 350 statistically based random serum samples from domestic dogs with clinical symptoms as well as samples from asymptomatic and healthy dogs from rural and urban areas of the Meshkinshahr district, northwestern Iran. Results: Samples were assessed, and the following positive rates were obtained: 11.5% by rKE16, 26.9% by DAT and 49.8% by ELISA. The sensitivity among symptomatic dogs was 32.4% with rKE16, 100% with DAT and 52.9% with ELISA. Conversely, rA2-ELISA was less specifi c for asymptomatic dogs, at 46.5%, compared with DAT, at 88.9%. Conclusions: This study recommends rA2-ELISA as a parallel assay combined with DAT to detect VL infection among dogs. Further evaluations should be performed to develop an inexpensive and reliable serologic test for the detection of Leishmania infantum among infected dogs.

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An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

SYBR green-based detection of Leishmania infantum DNA using peripheral blood samples

Comparison of recombinant A2-ELISA with rKE16 dipstick and direct agglutination tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in Northwestern Iran

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