An observational study of the potential exposures of preschool children to pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and nonylphenol at home and daycare

Wilson, Nancy K.; Chuang, Jane C.; Morgan, Marsha K.; Lordo, Robert A.; Sheldon, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.04.006

Cited by 296 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

210

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using exposure estimates from a variety of environmental sources (i.e., water, air, and soil) and from food and beverage contamination (i.e., leaching rates from plastic containers and can linings), several studies estimated daily human intake of < 1 µg/kg body weight (BW)/day (Kang et al 2006;Wilson et al 2003Wilson et al , 2007. Additional studies have estimated daily BPA exposure by calculating BPA ingestion from food sources (European Union 2002).…”

Section: Estimates Of Bpa Consumption From Urinary Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Vandenberg

Chahoud

Heindel³

et al. 2012

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

328

331

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estudos de biomonitoração do sistema urinário, circulatório e tecidos indicam grande exposição ao Bisfenol A Resumo Bisfenol A (BPA) é um dos produtos quí-micos mais produzido em todo o mundo, e a exposição humana a ele é considerada onipresente. Assim, há preocupações de que a quantidade de BPA para o qual os seres humanos estão expostos podem causar efeitos adversos à saúde. Nós examinamos muitas possibilidades sobre o porquê estudos de biomonitorização e toxicocinética podem chegar a conclusões aparentemente conflitantes. Mais de 80 estudos publicados de biomonitorização humana que mediram a concentração de BPA em tecidos humanos, urina, sangue e outros fluidos, juntamente com dois estudos de toxicocinéti-ca do metabolismo humano BPA foram examinados. BPA não conjugado foi detectado no sangue (nonanogramas por mililitro gama), e BPA conjugado foi detectado na grande maioria das amostras de urina. Em contraste, estudos de toxico-cinética propuseram que os seres humanos não são internamente expostos ao BPA. Dados disponíveis de estudos de biomonitorização indicam que a população em geral está exposta ao BPA e em risco de exposição interna ao BPA não conjugado. Os dois estudos de toxicocinética, que sugeriram a exposição humana ao BPA é insignificante, têm deficiências significativas e estão diretamente refutados por outros estudos e, portanto não são confiáveis para fins de avaliação de risco. Palavras-chave Disruptor endócrino, Exposição humana, Modelo PBPK/PBTK, Gravidez, Avaliação de risco, Toxicocinética Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.

show abstract

Section: Estimates Of Bpa Consumption From Urinary Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Vandenberg

Chahoud

Heindel³

et al. 2012

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

328

331

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inhalation of BPA‐containing vapors, gases, mists, or dusts represents the third important route of exposure 4. A study by Wilson and colleagues showed that the estimated inhalation exposure for preschool children (1.5–5 years) was 0.24–0.41 ng kg –1 BW day –1 93. Although dermal and inhalation exposures generally account for less than 5% of exposures for the general population, they contribute to a large proportion of daily BPA exposure for the occupational population 4…”

Section: Sources and Routes Of Bpa Exposure In Everyday Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer‐promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low‐dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.

show abstract

“…Childhood, particularly the preschool years, is a time of rapid growth and development (39,(51)(52)(53) . It is a period when many key organ and tissue systems in the body grow and mature (50,54) .…”

Section: Rapid Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food additives and preschool children

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food additives have been used throughout history to perform specific functions in foods. A comprehensive framework of legislation is in place within Europe to control the use of additives in the food supply and ensure they pose no risk to human health. Further to this, exposure assessments are regularly carried out to monitor population intakes and verify that intakes are not above acceptable levels (acceptable daily intakes). Young children may have a higher dietary exposure to chemicals than adults due to a combination of rapid growth rates and distinct food intake patterns. For this reason, exposure assessments are particularly important in this age group. The paper will review the use of additives and exposure assessment methods and examine factors that affect dietary exposure by young children. One of the most widely investigated unfavourable health effects associated with food additive intake in preschool-aged children are suggested adverse behavioural effects. Research that has examined this relationship has reported a variety of responses, with many noting an increase in hyperactivity as reported by parents but not when assessed using objective examiners. This review has examined the experimental approaches used in such studies and suggests that efforts are needed to standardise objective methods of measuring behaviour in preschool children. Further to this, a more holistic approach to examining food additive intakes by preschool children is advisable, where overall exposure is considered rather than focusing solely on behavioural effects and possibly examining intakes of food additives other than food colours.

show abstract

An observational study of the potential exposures of preschool children to pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and nonylphenol at home and daycare

Cited by 296 publications

References 44 publications

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

Food additives and preschool children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About