An Objective Clinical Method to Measure Lateral Spinal Flexion

Moll, J. M. H.; Liyanage, S P; Wright, And V.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/11.5.225

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…the 1970s (15,16). Several factors, most importantly different measurement techniques, hamper a proper comparison with our results (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several factors, most importantly different measurement techniques, hamper a proper comparison with our results (15,16). The lack of studies comparing impairment in spinal mobility between patients with axial SpA and normal individuals can partly be explained by the fact that percentile curves from normal individuals did not exist until recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Hierarchy of Impairment of Spinal Mobility Measures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Twelve‐Year Data

Ramiro

Landewé

Heijde

et al. 2015

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. To investigate which spinal mobility measures (SMMs) are most frequently impaired in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), whether a hierarchy of impairment can be established, and whether assessing fewer measures sufficiently captures impairment in spinal mobility. Methods. Patients from the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study were followed up for 12 years. SMMs were considered impaired when falling below predefined cutoffs, derived from normal individuals. The proportion of patients in whom each SMM was impaired was calculated using baseline observation. In patients with ‡1 impaired SMM, we investigated how often impairment in spinal mobility would be missed if only a fixed number of SMMs was assessed. Analyses were repeated using all 12-year observations. Results. A total of 216 patients were included (70% males). Lateral spinal flexion (LSF) was the most frequently impaired measure, followed by the modified Schober (mSchober) test, tragus-to-wall, cervical rotation, intermalleolar distance, and chest expansion measures, respectively. This hierarchy was strikingly consistent over time, and independent of sex, symptom duration, and presence of syndesmophytes. In patients with ‡1 impaired SMM, LSF was impaired most frequently (86%), followed by the mSchober test (58%). If only LSF was measured, 14% of patients with impairment in any SMM would be missed; if additionally the mSchober test was measured, 9% would be missed. Conclusion. LSF followed by the mSchober test are the most frequently impaired mobility measures in AS, reflecting an earlier involvement of the lumbar spine, followed by involvement of the thoracic and cervical spine. In clinical practice LSF and the mSchober test suffice to screen impairment in spinal mobility.

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“…the 1970s (15,16). Several factors, most importantly different measurement techniques, hamper a proper comparison with our results (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hierarchy of Impairment of Spinal Mobility Measures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Twelve‐Year Data

Ramiro

Landewé

Heijde

et al. 2015

Arthritis Care & Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, the distance between the tips of the middle fingers and the thighs in standing posture and in maximal lateral bending was measured in millimetres (Mellin, 1986). The second method was based on skin distraction on the contralateral side during the bending movement (Moll, Liyange and Wright, 1972;Reynolds, 1975) and was also measured in millimetres.…”

Section: Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of spinal mobility and muscle strength in the young: Reliability and normative values

Oksanen

Salminen

1996

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

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fiy~uhapy 7 b y m d Rnchce (I 996) 12, I5 I -I60 0 1996 Erlbaum (UK) TaylorThe inter-rater reliability of 11 tests of spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength commonly used by physiotherapists was determined in 15-year-old schoolchildren with or without low back pain (LBP) identified via questionnaire. The inter-rater correlation in eight tests was strong. In the test measuring lumbar flexion with flexicurve and in the side-bending test based on skin distraction, the correlation was weaker. The inter-rater agreement in testing the dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles was also very strong; the inter-rater reliability was similar for the pupils with and without LBP. A difference was found between the examiners in testing flexibility of the hamstrings. Immediate repetition of the testing procedure improved performance in testing lumbar extension with flexicurve, in the forward-and sidebending tests, and in testing flexibility of the hip flexors and endurance strength of the abdominals. In addition, spinal mobility and strength were examined in a random sample of 14-and 17-year-old healthy schoolchildren. Sagittal mobility increased and trunk muscle strength diminished with age. In girls, endurance strength of the abdominals was diminished and in most of the tests mobility was increased compared with the boys. There was wide variation of mobility and strength by both age and gender among the schoolchildren, which complicates the interpretation of test results in clinical practice.Physiother Theory Pract Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Freie Universitaet Berlin on 11/05/14For personal use only.

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“…In a development of this technique, skin distraction was used to assess lateral flexion and a plumb-line to assess extension with good reliability. 30,31 Another widely used method is to measure the distance from the finger-tips to floor during forward bending to measure flexion (of the hips and back combined) or during side bending as a measure of side flexion. This is reliable for flexion, but less satisfactory to measure extension and rotation.…”

Section: Methods Of Measuring the Distance Between Bony Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Methods to Measure Posture

Tyson¹

2003

Physical Therapy Reviews

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The restoration of normal posture is an important aspect of stroke physiotherapy, because normal activity is thought essential for effective function. However, there is little evidence to support (or refute) this belief. To test this, suitable measurement tools are needed. They need to be reliable, valid, sensitive, and suitable for all settings applicable to a wide range of stroke severity. A systematic review of methods to measure posture was undertaken to identify suitable measurement tools. CINAHL, Medline and Embase databases were searched for measurement tools which measured posture and could be used in clinical settings with stroke patients. Four groups of tools were identified: (i) ordinal scales; (ii) goniometry; (iii) devices to measure the distance between bony points; and (iv) miscellaneous others. All had some information about their psychometric properties, but few had been rigorously tested. None fulfilled all the assessment criteria. Therefore, future studies will attempt to devise a measurement tool which does meet all required criteria.

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An Objective Clinical Method to Measure Lateral Spinal Flexion

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Hierarchy of Impairment of Spinal Mobility Measures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Twelve‐Year Data

Hierarchy of Impairment of Spinal Mobility Measures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Twelve‐Year Data

Tests of spinal mobility and muscle strength in the young: Reliability and normative values

A Systematic Review of Methods to Measure Posture

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