An object-oriented framework for distributed hydrologic and geomorphic modeling using triangulated irregular networks

Tucker, G. E.; Lancaster, S. T.; Gasparini, N. M.; Bras, Rafael L.; Rybarczyk, Scott M

doi:10.1016/s0098-3004(00)00134-5

Cited by 236 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A DEM is an example of a structured mesh, where each cell has an elevation value. Raster-based models are common (Tucker, 2001) because their computer representation is trivial to implement using two-dimensional arrays, a feature intrinsic to modern programming languages. Widespread use of rasters, such as satellite imagery, make using rasters a natural choice in models.…”

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tucker (2001) identified many limitations of rasters with one of the most significant being that hydrology does not function on uniform grids. Drainage directions are often constrained to 45 • intervals when using structured meshes (Tucker, 2001). By shoehorning hydrological processes into structured grids, geometrical artefacts and other sub-grid variability can be artificially introduced (Tucker, 2001).…”

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drainage directions are often constrained to 45 • intervals when using structured meshes (Tucker, 2001). By shoehorning hydrological processes into structured grids, geometrical artefacts and other sub-grid variability can be artificially introduced (Tucker, 2001). Landscapes must also be represented by constant-sized cells that are spatially invariant through time.…”

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, because of the non-uniform spacing of points of an unstructured mesh, meandering features such as streams can be easily represented (Tucker, 2001). When river channel evolution was simulated by Braun and Sambridge (1997), the artificial constraints from using a raster were identified as the cause of creating non-natural channels.…”

Section: Unstructured Triangular Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of mountain shading on calculating energy for snowmelt using unstructured triangular meshes

Marsh

Pomeroy

Spiteri

2012

Hydrological Processes

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In many parts of the world, the snowmelt energy balance is dominated by net solar shortwave radiation. This is the case in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, where clear skies dominate the winter and spring. In mountainous regions, solar irradiance at the snow surface is not only affected by solar angles, atmospheric transmittance, and the slope and aspect of immediate topography, but also by shadows from surrounding terrain. Many hydrological models do not consider such horizon-shadows. The accumulation of errors in estimating solar irradiance by neglecting horizon-shadows can lead to significant errors in calculating the timing and rate of snowmelt due to the seasonal storage of internal energy in the snowpack.A common approach to representing the landscape is through structured meshes. iii

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Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unstructured Triangular Meshmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of mountain shading on calculating energy for snowmelt using unstructured triangular meshes

Marsh

Pomeroy

Spiteri

2012

Hydrological Processes

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Landscape Element Contributions to Storm Runoff

Seibert

McGlynn

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Hydrological conditions and the corresponding land area contributions to streamflow vary across the landscape. Landscapes are mosaics that can be described in varying levels of detail. This document describes the importance of different landscape elements for storm runoff generation. Since topography is often a first‐order control on hydrological processes, topographic indices can be used to describe the spatial variations of hydrological conditions. Another approach is the delineation of landscape elements. We suggest that riparian and hillslope areas are the two most basic landscape elements that need to be considered; however, additional landscape elements including urban areas, floodplains, croplands, wetlands, and so on, can also be important. Landscape elements can be defined through hydrological analysis. This analysis can further define their lateral connections and organization along the stream network, providing valuable interpretation of the dominant controls on hydrological response across the landscape. Additionally, approaches to represent landscape elements in hydrological modeling are reviewed.

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A statistical framework to quantify spatial variation in channel gradients using the integral method of channel profile analysis

et al. 2014

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[1] We present a statistical technique for analyzing longitudinal channel profiles. Our technique is based on the integral approach to channel analysis: Drainage area is integrated over flow distance to produce a transformed coordinate, χ, which has dimensions of length. Assuming that profile geometry is conditioned by the stream power law, defined as E = KA m S n where E is erosion rate, K is erodibility, A is drainage area, S is channel gradient, and m and n are constants, the slope of a transformed profile in χ-elevation space should reflect the ratio of erosion rate to channel erodibility raised to a power 1/n; this quantity is often referred to as the channel steepness and represents channel slope normalized for drainage area. Our technique tests all possible contiguous segments in the channel network to identify the most likely locations where channel steepness changes and also identifies the most likely m/n ratio. The technique identifies locations where either erodibility or erosion rates are most likely to be changing. Tests on a simulated landscape demonstrate that the technique can accurately retrieve both the m/n ratio and the correct number and location of segments eroding at different rates where model assumptions apply. Tests on natural landscapes illustrate how the method can distinguish between spurious channel convexities due to incorrect selection of the m/n ratio from those which are candidates for changing erodibility or erosion rates. We also show how, given erosion or uplift rate constraints, the method can be used to constrain the slope exponent, n.

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An object-oriented framework for distributed hydrologic and geomorphic modeling using triangulated irregular networks

Cited by 236 publications

References 39 publications

Implications of mountain shading on calculating energy for snowmelt using unstructured triangular meshes

Implications of mountain shading on calculating energy for snowmelt using unstructured triangular meshes

Landscape Element Contributions to Storm Runoff

A statistical framework to quantify spatial variation in channel gradients using the integral method of channel profile analysis

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