An NMR Assessment of the Rheological Properties of Blood and Its Constituents: A Review

The present work is intended as a nonmathematical review of the role of flow and motion in nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A historical review of MR flow measurement techniques is given, followed by a short overview of flow models in vitro and in vivo. The theory behind the influence of motion on the modulus and phase MR signal information is discussed and effects such as washin/washout, flow-induced signal void, phase offset, and phase dispersion are defined. A simple approach to the concept of MR angiography is given, and methods for quantitative flow measure ments such as the phase mapping technique, are surveyed. Aspects of the measurement of diffusion and mirocirculation are given, and finally, an overview of the role of MR flow imaging in present and future clinical application is given.

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Mr Imaging, Flow and Motion

Ståhlberg

Ericsson

Nordell

et al. 1992

Acta Radiol

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Cortical and subcortical chemical pathology in Alzheimer's disease as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

et al. 1996

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Technological Advances in Blood Rheology

Stuart

Nash

1990

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patients with an acute-phase response of greater than 24 h duration. In sickle-cell anemia, new methods for measuring erythrocyte deformability can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion, to test potential anti-sickling drugs, and to monitor drug efficacy in clinical trials. Genetic defects in the structure of the red cell membrane can have rheological consequences, monitoring of which may be useful for diagnosis. Rheological analysis of red cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum has indicated that their abnormal flow behavior may be an important pathological factor in malaria. Finally, the flow behavior of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, is also important, as these cells, once activated, have the potential to occlude microvessels. The authors have reviewed the laboratory methodology and clinical applications that have led to recent advances in these aspects of blood rheology.

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An NMR Assessment of the Rheological Properties of Blood and Its Constituents: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Mr Imaging, Flow and Motion

Mr Imaging, Flow and Motion

Cortical and subcortical chemical pathology in Alzheimer's disease as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

Technological Advances in Blood Rheology

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