An N-targeting real-time PCR strategy for the accurate detection of spring viremia of carp virus

Shao, Lingyun; Yu, Xiao Fang; He, Zhengkan; Gao, Longying

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.008

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although relatively few whole-genome sequences for SVCV are available for comparison, the salamander SVCV protein coding regions (N, P, M, G and L) were all closely related (98.2%–99.8% identical) at the nucleotide and amino-acid levels to corresponding genes in SVCV strain SH140501 (Table 2), which was isolated from a goldfish in Shanghai sampled in April 2014. 28 This finding further supported an Asian origin for the salamander SVCV isolates.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Phylogenetic relatedness between the salamander SVCV and goldfish SVCV strain SH140501 isolated from Shanghai additionally supports the likelihood that the imported salamanders originated from this region of eastern China as Shanghai is 165 km from Hangzhou. 28 We do not, however, know whether the salamanders harbored SVCV at the time of capture or were exposed to the virus during holding and transport. Moreover, it is unclear at this time, if the salamanders were infected by ingestion of or through contact with (perhaps at sites of dermal abrasions) contaminated materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat

Lorch

Blehert

2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Global translocation of plants and animals is a well-recognized mechanism for introduction of pathogens into new regions. To mitigate this risk, various tools such as preshipment health certificates, quarantines, screening for specific disease agents and outright bans have been implemented. However, such measures only target known infectious agents and their hosts and may fail to prevent translocation of even well-recognized pathogens if they are carried by novel host species. In a recent example, we screened an imported shipment of Chinese firebelly newts (Cynops orientalis) for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, an emergent fungal pathogen of salamanders. All animals tested negative for the fungus. However, a virus was cultured from internal organs from 7 of the 11 individual dead salamanders and from two pools of tissues from four additional dead animals. Sequencing of a portion of the glycoprotein gene from all viral isolates indicated 100% identity and that they were most closely related to spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Subsequently, SVCV-specific PCR testing indicated the presence of virus in internal organs from each of the four animals previously pooled, and whole-genome sequencing of one of the viral isolates confirmed genomic arrangement characteristic of SVCV. SVCV is a rhabdovirus pathogen of cyprinid fish that is listed as notifiable to the Office International des Epizooties. This discovery reveals a novel route for potential spillover of this economically important pathogen as rhabdovirus has not previously been documented in amphibians.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat

Lorch

Blehert

2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…A number of reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays have been developed for detection of SVCV and characterized with respect to their analytical performance (Liu et al 2008, Yue et al 2008, Zhang et al 2009, Misk et al 2016, Shao et al 2016. The fitness of diagnostic tests for detection of SVCV can be validated to standards such as those proposed by the OIE (2019c) to ensure that their analytical and diagnostic performance is suitable for their intended purpose.…”

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical validation of two RT-qPCR tests and detection of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in persistently infected koi Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2021

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Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) ia a carp sprivivirus and a member of the genus Sprivivirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is the etiological agent of spring viremia of carp, a disease of cyprinid species including koi Cyprinus carpio L. and notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. The goal of this study was to explore hypotheses regarding inter-genogroup (Ia to Id) SVCV infection dynamics in juvenile koi and contemporaneously create new reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays and validate their analytical sensitivity, specificity (ASp) and repeatability for diagnostic detection of SVCV. RT-qPCR diagnostic tests targeting the SVCV nucleoprotein (Q2N) or glycoprotein (Q1G) nucleotides were pan-specific for isolates typed to SVCV genogroups Ia to Id. The Q2N test had broader ASp than Q1G because Q1G did not detect SVCV isolate 20120450 and Q2N displayed occasional detection of pike fry sprivivirus isolate V76. Neither test cross-reacted with other rhabdoviruses, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus or co-localizing cyprinid herpesvirus 3. Both tests were sensitive with observed 50% limits of detection of 3 plasmid copies and high repeatability. Test analysis of koi immersed in SVCV showed that the virus could be detected for at least 167 d following exposure and that titer, prevalence, replicative rate and persistence in koi were correlated significantly with virus virulence. In this context, high virulence SVCV isolates were more prevalent, reached higher titers quicker and persisted in koi for longer periods of time relative to moderate and low virulence isolates.

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“…Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae, is responsible for the highly lethal spring viraemia of carp (SVC) and is a grave viral threat that continues to infect cyprinids, especially common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Shao et al, 2015). Until now, SVCV has widely spread to Asia, Europe, America and Russia, and this implies that SVCV infection is rapidly expanding along with the increasingly frequent national and international trade (Goodwin, 2002;Dikkeboom et al, 2004;Warg et al, 2007;Miller et al, 2007;Phelps et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, in addition to spread among fish, SVCV infection can also be spread through parasitic and fomites invertebrates (Fijian, 1984;Ahne et al, 2002). Thus, it is difficult to eradicate the virus from affected ponds, and the only effective treatment to block SVCV infection is elimination and sanitation of all infected aquatic life (Ahne et al, 2002;Shao et al, 2015;Ashraf et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on the antiviral activity of arctigenin against spring viraemia of carp virus

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C TSpring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) causes high morality in several economically important cyprinid fishes, but there is no approved therapy up to now. To address the urgent need for therapeutics to combat SVCV infection, we investigated the anti-SVCV activities of 12 natural compounds and 7 common antiviral agents using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells in this study. From the 19 compounds, we identified arctigenin (ARG) has the highest inhibition on SVCV replication, with maximum inhibitory percentage on SVCV > 90%. And the 48 h half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of ARG on SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were 0.29 (0.22-0.39) and 0.35 (0.29-0.41) mg/L respectively. In addition, ARG significantly reduced SVCV-induced apoptosis and recovered SVCV-activated caspase-3/8/9 activity. Further, cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV was blocked by ARG treatment. Mechanistically, ARG did not affect SVCV infectivity. Moreover, ARG could not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which plays an antiviral role on SVCV. Interestingly, SVCV-induced autophagy which is necessary for virus replication was inhibited by ARG treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ARG on SVCV replication was, at least in part, via blocking SVCVinduced autophagy. Taken together, ARG has the potential to work as an agent for protecting economically important fishes against SVCV.

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An N-targeting real-time PCR strategy for the accurate detection of spring viremia of carp virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat

Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat

Analytical validation of two RT-qPCR tests and detection of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in persistently infected koi Cyprinus carpio

Evaluation on the antiviral activity of arctigenin against spring viraemia of carp virus

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