An MRI study of temporal lobe structures in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

Altshuler, Lori L.; Bartzokis, George; Grieder, Tom; Curran, John; Jimenez, Tanya; Leight, Kristin; Wilkins, Jeffery N.; Gerner, Robert H.; Mintz, Jim

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00836-2

Cited by 357 publications

(268 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…26 In contrast, amygdala enlargement in bipolar patients compared to healthy subjects has now been reported in three recent, independent studies from three different research groups. 18,27,28 Amygdala enlargement has also been reported in bipolar patients compared to patients with schizophrenia. 27 In these same reports, hippocampal volumes in bipolar patients did not differ from healthy subjects, although the patients with schizophrenia exhibited smaller hippocampal volumes.…”

Section: Subcortical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,27,28 Amygdala enlargement has also been reported in bipolar patients compared to patients with schizophrenia. 27 In these same reports, hippocampal volumes in bipolar patients did not differ from healthy subjects, although the patients with schizophrenia exhibited smaller hippocampal volumes. The finding of normal hippocampal and increased amygdala volumes, therefore, may be a relatively specific neuroanatomic abnormality in bipolar patients, as studies of patients with schizophrenia report decreased hippocampal and amygdala size.…”

Section: Subcortical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings

2004

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The authors review existing structural and functional neuroimaging studies of patients with bipolar disorder and discuss how these investigations enhance our understanding of the neurophysiology of this illness. Findings from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that some abnormalities, such as those in prefrontal cortical areas (SGPFC), striatum and amygdala exist early in the course of illness and, therefore, potentially, predate illness onset. In contrast, other abnormalities, such as those found in the cerebellar vermis, lateral ventricles and other prefrontal regions (eg, left inferior), appear to develop with repeated affective episodes, and may represent the effects of illness progression and associated factors. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations have revealed abnormalities of membrane and second messenger metabolism, as well as bioenergetics, in striatum and prefrontal cortex. Functional imaging studies report activation differences between bipolar and healthy controls in these same anterior limibic regions. Together, these studies support a model of bipolar disorder that involves dysfunction within subcortical (striatalthalamic)-prefrontal networks and the associated limbic modulating regions (amygdala, midline cerebellum). These studies suggest that, in bipolar disorder, there may be diminished prefrontal modulation of subcortical and medial temporal structures within the anterior limbic network (eg, amygdala, anterior striatum and thalamus) that results in dysregulation of mood. Future prospective and longitudinal studies focusing on these specific relationships are necessary to clarify the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder.

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Section: Subcortical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subcortical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings

2004

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“…However, this study had poor spatial resolution, having been conducted at 0.5 Tesla using 1-cm thick slices. Subsequent studies have reported either greater (Altshuler et al, ,2000Strakowski et al, 1999;Brambilla et al, 2003) or smaller (Pearlson et al, 1997;Blumberg et al, 2003;DelBello et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2004;Chang et al, 2005) amygdala volumes with bipolar disorder. These latter experiments had improved structural imaging techniques over Swayze et al (1992), but also had smaller sample sizes and varying anatomic boundary definitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the study aimed to examine the impact of age upon amygdala volume, given that results of previous studies may have differed because of age differences in their samples (DelBello et al, 2003, Altshuler et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent reduction of amygdala volume in bipolar disorder

Doty

Payne

Steffens

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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The amygdala is hypothesized to play a critical role in mood regulation, yet its involvement in bipolar disorder remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare measurements of amygdala volumes in a relatively large sample of bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls ranging in age from 18 to 49 yrs. Fifty-four adult patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder and 41 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education underwent structural 1.5 Tesla MRI scanning. Volumetric measurements of the amygdala were obtained using a manual region-of-interest tracing method with software that allowed simultaneous visualization of the amygdala in three orthogonal planes. The anterior head of the hippocampus was removed in the sagittal plane prior to amygdala volumetry measurement. Multiple regression analysis was computed on amygdala volume measurements as a function of diagnosis, age, sex, and cerebral volume. Bipolar patients showed an age-related reduction of amygdala volume but controls did not. Among bipolar subjects, amygdala volume was unrelated to medication history. There were no significant hemispheric or sex interactions with the main effects. Results support a role for amygdala dysfunction in bipolar disorder which appears most robustly in older relative to younger adult patients. Differential aging effects in bipolar disorder may compromise amygdala integrity and contribute to mood dysregulation.

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“…Although multiple factors, such as stress, are implicated in the onset and time course of psychiatric illness, specific changes in brain structure and function have been identified also. For example, depression is associated with a decrease in hippocampal volume (2)(3)(4), whereas patients with bipolar disorder are reported to have an enlarged amygdala relative to normal controls (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced structural remodeling in hippocampus: Prevention by lithium treatment

Wood

Young²,

Reagan³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

121

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Chronic restraint stress, psychosocial stress, as well as systemic or oral administration of the stress-hormone corticosterone induces a morphological reorganization in the rat hippocampus, in which adrenal steroids and excitatory amino acids mediate a reversible remodeling of apical dendrites on CA3 pyramidal cell neurons of the hippocampus. This stress-induced neuronal remodeling is accompanied also by behavioral changes, some of which can be prevented with selective antidepressant and anticonvulsive drug treatments. Lithium is an effective treatment for mood disorders and has neuroprotective effects, which may contribute to its therapeutic properties. Thus, we wanted to determine whether lithium treatment could prevent the effects of chronic stress on CA3 pyramidal cell neuroarchitecture and the associated molecular and behavioral measures. Chronic lithium treatment prevented the stress-induced decrease in dendritic length, as well as the stressinduced increase in glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding in the hippocampus. Lithium treatment, however, did not prevent stress effects on behavior in the open field or the plusmaze. These data demonstrate that chronic treatment with lithium can protect the hippocampus from potentially deleterious effects of chronic stress on glutamatergic activation, which may be relevant to its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

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An MRI study of temporal lobe structures in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

Cited by 357 publications

References 105 publications

The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings

The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings

Age-dependent reduction of amygdala volume in bipolar disorder

Stress-induced structural remodeling in hippocampus: Prevention by lithium treatment

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