An MRI evaluation of the effects of qat chewing habit on the temporomandibular joint

Almashraqi, Abeer A; Ahmed, Eman A; Mohamed, Nashwa S.; Halboub, Esam

doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.005

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…5 These osteoarthritic effects of QCH on the TMJ may help explain the higher prevalence of clinical findings observed among QC (Tables 1 and 2). The said higher prevalence of osteoarthritis changes recorded in the current study (90%), as compared with Almashraqi et al MRI-based study, 5 can be ascribed to the different imaging modalities used in the two studies. In the current study, CBCT was used which is superior to MRI in detecting minor osseous changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…5,7,[11][12][13] Apart from the chewing habits, unilateral chewing showed significant difference in many clinical findings compared to bilateral chewing. [24][25][26][27] Considering QC alone, no statistically significant differences were reported between the chewing and non-chewing sides, and such findings are consistent with the findings of previous studies conducted by Almashraqi et al 5,7 The qat chewing side was not a determinant factor of differences in dimensional measurements compared to the non-chewing side, except for increased condylar length and thicker trabecular bone in the chewing side (Table 5). For their part, Kurita et al 37 and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Additionally, qat chewing has been linked with masticatory muscles pain and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). [5][6][7] Temporomandibular joint disorders are a spectrum of joint and muscular disorders of the cranio-oro-facial area, with a high prevalence among the general population. 8,9 Such disorders can severely affect quality of life.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6,13 In line with that, recent MRI-based studies by Al-Mashraqi and colleagues have substantiated the findings of the aforementioned clinical-based studies; namely, the findings showed significantly higher occurrences of TMJ changes (osteoarthritis, joint effusion and lateral pterygoid muscle changes) in QC than in non-qat chewers (NQC). 5,7 The plausible explanation for TMD among QC is that the continuous qat chewing usually ensues micro-and macro-trauma resulting from overuse of the TMJ and its supporting masticatory system. 7 Given complexity of TMJ, the diagnosis of TMD is complicated and requires both clinical and imaging evaluation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Unfortunately, despite the high prevalence of TMD among QC, there has been paucity in the literature regarding the TMJ radiographic changes in QC. To date, only two MRI-based studies 5,7 have been conducted to assess TMJ of QC. Strikingly, one of these studies 5 reported high prevalence of osteoarthritis although MRI is not the modality of choice to assess bony changes of TMJ.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

Almashraqi

Halboub

Al‐Maweri

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Qat (also known as khat and scientifically as Catha edulis) is an evergreen plant that is cultivated in the Arabian Peninsula (particularly Yemen) and in some of East African countries. 1 Millions of local people in these countries as well as immigrants from these countries in the west habitually chew qat on a daily basis for its amphetamine-like effects. 1,2 The habit involves chewing fresh qat leaves on one side of the mouth and then storing this as a bolus in the buccal sulcus, mostly unilaterally, for several hours. 2 Long-term qat chewing has been linked

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

Almashraqi

Halboub

Al‐Maweri

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Recommendations for standard criteria for the positional and morphological evaluation of temporomandibular joint osseous structures using cone-beam CT: a systematic review

Almashraqi,

Sayed,

Mokli

et al. 2023

Eur Radiol

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Objective This systematic review aimed to appraise the reliability and comprehensiveness of imaging methods in studies that used three-dimensional assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in order to propose a standardized imaging method. Methods Six databases/search engines were searched up until September 2022. The outcomes of interest included measurements of the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa, joint spaces, or the entire TMJ. Two checklists were utilized: one to assess the risk of bias, with a maximum score of 37, and the other, a pre-designed checklist consisting of 22 items to evaluate the comprehensiveness of the methods used, with a maximum score of 33. Results Out of the 2567 records retrieved, only 14 studies, which used cone bean computed tomography (CBCT), were deemed eligible and thus included in the qualitative analysis. Three studies were deemed of low risk of bias, while the remaining studies were rated as moderate to high risk of bias, primarily due to improper reporting of inter-observer agreement, varying reliability values, and a limited number of cases included in the reliability analysis. Regarding the comprehensiveness of the methods used, only four studies achieved relatively high scores. The deficiencies observed were related to the reporting of variables such as slice thickness and voxel size, absence of or improper reporting of intra- and inter-examiner reliability analyses, and failure to assess all osseous components of the TMJ. Conclusion CBCT-based methods used to assess the positions and morphology of TMJ bony structures appear to be imperfect and lacking in comprehensiveness. Hence, criteria for a standardized assessment method of these TMJ structures are proposed. Clinical relevance statement Accurately, comprehensively, and reliably assessing the osseous structures of the temporomandibular joint will provide valid and valuable diagnostic features of the normal temporomandibular joint, and help establish potential associations between these osseous features and temporomandibular disorders. Registration The protocol for this systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, No.: CRD42020199792). Key Points •Although many methods have been introduced to assess the osseous structure of the temporomandibular joint, they yielded inconsistent findings. •None of the published studies comprehensively assessed the temporomandibular joint. •Recommendations for a comprehensive temporomandibular joint osseous assessment method were suggested for better validity and reliability of future research.

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Dimensional and positional temporomandibular joint osseous characteristics in normodivergent facial patterns with and without temporomandibular disorders

et al. 2023

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Objective This study evaluated the dimensional and positional osseous temporomandibular joint features in normodivergent facial patterns with and without temporomandibular disorders. Methods A total of 165 adult patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 79 patients; 158 joints): temporomandibular disorders patients and group 2 (n = 86 patients; 172 joints): non-temporomandibular disorders patients. Three-dimensional positional and dimensional temporomandibular joint characteristics, including glenoid fossa, mandibular condyles, and joint spaces, were assessed by cone beam computed tomography. Results The glenoid fossa positions in the three orthogonal planes and height showed statistical significance between the two studied groups. The temporomandibular disorders patients showed higher horizontal and vertical condyle inclinations while anteroposterior inclination was less, and the condyle was positioned more superior, anterior, and lateral in the glenoid fossa. The condyle width and length showed no significance between the two groups, while condyle height was smaller in temporomandibular disorders patients. Anterior and medial joint spaces increased while the superior and posterior joint spaces reduced in temporomandibular disorders patients. Conclusion There were significant differences between the patients with and without temporomandibular joint disorders in terms of mandibular fossa positions and height as well as condylar positions and inclinations in horizontal and vertical planes together with reduced condylar height and reduced posterior and superior joint spaces in the temporomandibular disorders patients. Clinical relevance The temporomandibular disorder is a multifactorial disorder in which one of these factors is the dimensional and positional characteristics of the temporomandibular joints; including or excluding this factor requires a comprehensive three-dimensional investigation of patients with TMD compared to the normal group under the condition that the facial pattern is average as a confounding factor.

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An MRI evaluation of the effects of qat chewing habit on the temporomandibular joint

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

Recommendations for standard criteria for the positional and morphological evaluation of temporomandibular joint osseous structures using cone-beam CT: a systematic review

Dimensional and positional temporomandibular joint osseous characteristics in normodivergent facial patterns with and without temporomandibular disorders

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