An <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> Extract Containing Rosmarinic Acid Restores the Disruption of Collagen Fibers Caused by Repetitive UVA Irradiation of Dermal Fibroblasts

Abstract

tion 4,5 . Matrix metalloproteinases MMPs are responsible for the degradation of collagen molecules. Among MMPs, MMP-1, which decomposes fibrous collagen initially, is an important enzyme of collagen degradation, and is present at high levels in UV exposed skin 6 . These facts indicate the importance of maintaining collagen fiber structure and eliminating the harmful actions of chronic UVA to prevent wrinkling and sagging of the skin.The level of MMP-1 in sun-exposed skin has been well demonstrated to be regulated by reactive oxygen species ROS 7 . In general, it is also well recognized that UVA is a potent intracellular generator of ROS. UVA generates singlet oxygen 1 O 2 through a photosensitizing reaction 8 and also superoxide anion radicals O 2 through the activation of NADPH oxidase 9 . Meanwhile, carbonylated proteins CPs are present at a higher frequency in the upper dermis of the sun-exposed skin of elderly subjects.

The Stimulating Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Extracts from Rosemary and Lemon Balm on Collagen Type I Biosynthesis in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I Skin Fibroblasts

“…The results of Rodríguez-Luna [ 58 ] suggest that RA at the concentration of 5 µM in combination with 5 µM fucoxanthin could be used as an interesting strategy in the counteracting oxidative damage in the skin induced by UVB. There is also a report of a protective effect of RA against the harmful effects of UVA on the formation of collagen type I fibers in normal human skin fibroblasts, however at a much higher concentration (62.5 µg/mL, which is equivalent to 174.6 µM) [ 59 ]. We had previously discovered the protective effect of RA (100–150 µM) against the negative influence of parabens (methyl- and propylparabens) on the skin collagen type I and III and the viability of human skin fibroblasts [ 22 ].…”

The Beneficial Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Benzophenone-3-Induced Alterations in Human Skin Fibroblasts

“…Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract protected against UV-induced stimulation of MMP-1 in human skin fibroblasts and in reconstructed skin [ 41 ]. RA and Ocimum basilicum extract containing RA showed a protective effect on collagen and significantly improved the formation of collagen fibers in fibroblasts exposed to repeated UVA irradiation [ 43 ], while Thunbergia laurifolia extract rich in RA showed a protective effect on HA by inhibiting hyaluronidase activity [ 69 ].…”

“…Furthermore, it has anti-aging properties, reduces cellulite, skin damage and accelerates wound healing [ 38 , 40 ]. There are many reports on the protective effect of RA or extracts rich in this compound against the harmful effects of UV radiation on the skin, which has been associated with a reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In HaCaT keratinocytes, RA counteracted the oxidative stress induced by UVB by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [ 37 ].…”