An Item Response Theory Analysis of The Questionnaire of God Representations

Schaap‐Jonker, Hanneke; Egberink, Iris J. L.; Braam, Arjan W.; Corveleyn, Jozef

doi:10.1080/10508619.2014.1003520

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Psychometric qualities of the questionnaire are adequate, and normative data are available for psychiatric patients and the general population and for persons who belong to different religious denominations (Schaap-Jonker & Eurelings-Bontekoe, 2009). A short version, which was constructed on the basis of Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses, is also available (Schaap-Jonker et al, 2016). In the current study, participants were instructed to indicate to which extent they experienced or recognized the feelings toward God and statements about God personally.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of God Representations and Mental Health: A Person-Oriented Approach

Schaap‐Jonker¹,

Velde²,

Eurelings-Bontekoe

et al. 2017

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

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As God representations are multi-facetted psychological processes regarding the personal meaning of God/the divine to the individual, this study examines how multiple aspects of God representations are configured within individuals belonging to a sample of psychiatric patients or a nonpatient sample, and how these configurations are associated with mental health. By means of cluster analyses, three types of God representations were found: a Positive-Authoritative one, a Passive-Unemotional one, and, only among psychiatric patients, a Negative-Authoritarian one. Types of God representations were significantly related to affective state, as well as religious saliency and religious background. Patients with the negative type of God representation were more distressed and depressed, and Orthodox-Reformed patients reported significantly more negative types of God representations. This study demonstrates the value of a person-oriented approach, by showing that scale scores became especially meaningful in the context of the types, which enables more nuanced distinctions regarding subgroups. God representations as multidimensional processes God representations are mental representations of the individuals' perceived relationship to God or the divine. They reflect both subjective experiences of God/the divine (e.g., experiences that are characterized by trust, thankfulness, fear or disappointment) and religious beliefs concerning God/ the divine (e.g., God as the ground of being, a judge, a helping ultimate power) in a highly personal way. Psychological factors (such as attachment style and personality) and religio-cultural factors affect the content and structure of God representations. As core aspects of religiousness, God representations-both traditional, personal, and theistic ones, and impersonal, abstract ones-give a unique insight into the meaning of religious life and religious behavior (

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of God Representations and Mental Health: A Person-Oriented Approach

Schaap‐Jonker¹,

Velde²,

Eurelings-Bontekoe

et al. 2017

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It also exhibited an acceptable reliability level and displayed valid psychometrics. This validated questionnaire helped in collecting proper data for answering a research question [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire: Toward Safe Working in Confined Spaces

Ngah

Hairon

Hamzah

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Confined space workers do a wide range of tasks, many of which have a significant risk of hazardous exposure. Hence, a reliable and valid questionnaire is important in assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of workers in this field. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire that could assess the KAP for safe working in a confined space. The questionnaire went through a development and validation process. The development stage consisted of a literature review, expert’s opinion, and evaluation by experts in the field via cognitive debriefing. The validation stage encompassed exploratory and confirmatory parts to investigate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. A total of 350 participants were recruited among confined space workers from two oil and gas companies in Malaysia. The two-parameter logistic item response theory (2-PL IRT) analysis was used for the knowledge section. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the attitude and practice sections of the validation stage. The development stage resulted in 30 items for knowledge, attitude, and practice sections. Items in the knowledge section showed an acceptable difficulty and discrimination, as noted during the 2-PL IRT analysis. The EFA resulted in a one-factor model for attitude and practice sections, and contained 18 items, with factor loading > 0.4. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.804 and 0.917 for attitude and practice sections, respectively. The CFA for attitude and practice sections indicated a good model fitness (Raykov’s rho = 0.814 and 0.912, respectively). All items indicated good reliability and valid psychometrics for determining KAP on safe working in a confined space.

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“…However, we did not directly measure the extent to which participants in Experiment 1 actually held positive beliefs about God. Although prior work has shown that the population from which our sample was drawn (i.e., contemporary Christians in the Netherlands) generally has a highly positive God image (Schaap-Jonker et al, 2016), it is desirable to obtain more direct evidence for the role of God image. If the effects of prayer were driven by positive God beliefs and trust in God, as our theoretical analysis holds, we would expect the effects of prayer to be most pronounced among individuals who view God as a positive and trusting being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants in both experiments of the present research were contemporary Christians in the Netherlands. In a study among 792 self-identified Christians of varying ages, denominations, and societal backgrounds (Schaap-Jonker, Egberink, Braam, & Corveleyn, 2016), most participants reported a very positive God image. On a five-point scale, positive God image scores ranged from 3.59 to 4.39, whereas negative feelings towards God ranged from 1.4 to 2.5.…”

Section: The Present Research and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

After God’s image: prayer leads people with positive God beliefs to read less hostility in others’ eyes

Abbema

Koole

2017

Religion, Brain & Behavior

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Across cultures and historical periods, people have attributed human traits to the divine. Because of the similarity between people's mental representations of God and their mental representations of others, people's perceptions of God may carry over to people's perceptions of others, especially when people have recently thought about God. Two experiments examined whether priming God images through prayer leads people who believe in a benign God to view social targets in a more favorable light. In Experiment 1 (N = 57), Dutch Christians either prayed for or thought about a person, and then judged the emotions of others in the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The results showed that prayer led participants to read fewer hostile emotions in others' eyes, whereas prayer had no effect on perceiving positive emotions or nonhostile negative emotions. Experiment 2 (N = 50) extended this finding by showing that prayer only reduced social perceptions of hostility among participants with a positive God image. Thus, beliefs in a benign God may enhance interpersonal trust among believers, but only when God beliefs are cognitively accessible. These findings suggest that positive God beliefs may help to promote prosocial attitudes and cooperation within religious communities.

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An Item Response Theory Analysis of The Questionnaire of God Representations

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Types of God Representations and Mental Health: A Person-Oriented Approach

Types of God Representations and Mental Health: A Person-Oriented Approach

Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire: Toward Safe Working in Confined Spaces

After God’s image: prayer leads people with positive God beliefs to read less hostility in others’ eyes

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