An Issue Paper Prepared for the 2005 International Oil Spill Conference: Potentially Polluting Wrecks in Marine Waters

Michel, Jacqueline; Gilbert, T.D.; Etkin, Dagmar Schmidt; Urban, R W; Waldron, Jon; Blocksidge, Charles T.

doi:10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-1

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Places UCH in its wider environment, exploring positive and negative interactions of UCH with this environment. This implies the exploration and documentation of this interaction by means of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), setting the ground for identifying risk or opportunity emanating from UCH, i.e., UCH as a source of pollution [76,77] or an artificial reef [78,79].…”

Section: ): •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Route from Discovery to Engagement—Open Issues in the Mediterranean

Argyropoulos

Stratigea

2019

Heritage

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Fatal events taking place in World War (WW) I and II have left behind important historical evidence as an underwater cultural heritage (UCH) (e.g., shipwrecks, submerged aircraft, war artifacts), lying in peace at the bottom of, among others, the Mediterranean Sea. The article aims at exploring the challenges for UCH protection/preservation and sustainable exploitation with emphasis on this sea. UCH is so far dealt with in a “silo” approach by marine archaeologists or heritage professionals, who often ignore its potential for serving local sustainable development goals. The paper elaborates on the value, but also the complexity, multi- and inter-disciplinary as well as multi-actors’ nature of UCH management and sustainable exploitation, perceiving these as a “wicked” planning problem. It attempts to illuminate various important dimensions of this problem, such as its glocal (global/local) context; the conflicting and, in certain cases, inconsistent UCH legal protection framework, touching upon a variety of spatial scales; the contemporary policy frameworks favoring UCH management; etc. Exploration of these dimensions reveals open issues or gaps that need to be filled, and sets the ground for a more holistic and integrated UCH research and management approach for building up the yet largely untold, Mediterranean WW I and II UCH narrative; and shifting this area from a sea graveyard to a place of memory and cultural enrichment.

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Section: ): •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Route from Discovery to Engagement—Open Issues in the Mediterranean

Argyropoulos

Stratigea

2019

Heritage

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“…Until recently, the main source of pollution was seepage from shipwrecks. There are about 9,000 such wrecks worldwide that carry 3,000–23,000 millions of liters of oil . Many wrecks lie in shallow coastal waters—tens of meters bsl—but others sank to the deep‐sea bottom, which complicates recovery of both the wreck and the oil.…”

Section: Human Interventions To Deal With Oil Spillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, the main source of pollution was seepage from shipwrecks. There are about 9,000 such wrecks worldwide that carry 3,000-23,000 millions of liters of oil [3]. Many wrecks lie in shallow coastal waters-tens of [2].…”

Section: Human Interventions To Deal With Oil Spillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐healing capacity of deep‐sea ecosystems affected by petroleum hydrocarbons

et al. 2017

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“…The commerce and warfare of the 20 th century left a legacy of tens of thousands of sunken vessels (Laffon et al, 2006, Michel et al, 2005. Although shipwrecks play an important role (such as recreational diving sites) in the cultural tourism industry (Jeffery, 1990), there is growing concern in their potential environmental impacts from eventual release of their cargo and fuel (Michel et al, 2005, NOAA, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%