An IoT System for Social Distancing and Emergency Management in Smart Cities Using Multi-Sensor Data

Fedele, Rosario; Merenda, Massimo

doi:10.3390/a13100254

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Shaping the field intensity represents a challenging problem of intrinsic theoretical interest that is also relevant in several applications [17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], especially in the case of unknown (or partially unknown) scenarios [31,32]. The approach proposed in this work originates from the general-purpose approach in [14] and was tailored to this specific WPT application for device replenishment, wherein the location of the device is not a priori known.…”

Section: Array Design Via Optimized Field Shaping Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques

2021

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Radiative (or far-field) energy replenishment for devices such as smartphones, laptops, robots, and small electric appliances paves the way to autonomous and continuous devices functioning, thus bypassing the need of operation interruptions, human maintenance activities, and replenishment by wired transformers. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using a properly engineered antenna array able to deliver radiative power to devices in need of energy replenishment during their normal and unsupervised activity, whose locations are unknown. Both the case of single and multiple devices needing energy replenishment are addressed. A quantitative proof-of-concept study is carried out to validate the proposed approach. A 3D scenario is simulated to study the case of devices in need of energy replenishment within a standard office environment. Different antenna array configurations are investigated and the corresponding performances benchmarked against a standard installation of recharging antennas. Results confirm the outstanding capability of the proposed approach in terms of confinement and maximization of power transfer. Finally, in this framework, we also propose an efficient communication protocol that is able to manage multiple recharge demand given different operational rules.

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Section: Array Design Via Optimized Field Shaping Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques

2021

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“…Regarding the wireless communication, it has successfully employed on several kinds of monitoring activities on different mechanical and civil structures [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], while its use on rail vehicles is not common due to the presence of a huge quantity of iron that can affect the quality of transmission. The durability of this kind of sensor is also a concern because this monitoring activity surely represents a harsh scenario in terms of environmental actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes for Freight Train Braking Systems Monitoring

Zanelli

Mauri

Dezza

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Nowadays, railway freight transportation is becoming more and more crucial since it represents the best alternative to road transport in terms of sustainability, pollution, and impact on the environment and on public health. Upgrading the potentiality of this kind of transportation, it would be possible to avoid delays in goods deliveries due to road accidents, traffic jams, and other situation occurring on roads. A key factor in this framework is therefore represented by monitoring and maintenance of the train components. Implementing a real time monitoring of the main components and a predictive maintenance approach, it would be possible to avoid unexpected breakdowns and consequently unavailability of wagons for unscheduled repair activities. As highlighted in recent statistical analysis, one of the elements more critical in case of failure is represented by the brake system. In this view, a real time monitoring of pressure values in some specific points of the system would provide significant information on its health status. In addition, since the braking actions are related to the load present on the convoy, thanks to this kind of monitoring, it would be possible to appreciate the different behavior of the system in case of loaded and unloaded trains. This paper presented an innovative wireless monitoring system to perform brake system diagnostics. A low-power system architecture, in terms of energy harvesting and wireless communication, was developed due to the difficulty in applying a wired monitoring system to a freight convoy. The developed system allows acquiring brake pressure data in critical points in order to verify the correct behavior of the brake system. Experimental results collected during a five-month field test were provided to validate the approach.

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“…Well-equipped sensor nodes with different sensors to monitor the environment and structure can be effectively used for social distancing and emergency management in a sensor network. Such a system has been tested in a park to manage visitors and create a favorable route for them to avoid crowding and plan an escape route in the event of an emergency [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placement of Optical Sensors in 3D Terrain Using a Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm

Kovács

Bolemányi

Botzheim

2022

Sensors

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This paper proposes an optimization framework for terrain large scale optical sensor placement to improve border protection. Compared to the often used, maximal coverage of an area approach, this method minimizes the undetected passages in the monitored area. Border protection is one of the most critical areas for sensor placement. Unlike traditional border protection solutions, we do not optimize for 2D but for 3D to prevent transit. Additionally, we consider both natural and built environmental coverings. The applied environmental model creates a highly inhomogeneous sensing area for sensors instead of the previously used homogeneous one. The detection of each sensor was provided by a line-of-sight model supplemented with inhomogeneous probabilities. The optimization was performed using a bacterial evolutionary algorithm. In addition to maximizing detection, minimizing the number of the applied sensors played a crucial role in design. These two cost components are built on each other hierarchically. The developed simulation framework based on ray tracing provided an excellent opportunity to optimize large areas. The presented simulation results prove the efficiency of this method. The results were evaluated by testing on a large number of intruders. Using sensors with different quantities and layouts in the tested 1×1×1 km environment, we reduced the probability of undetected intrusion to below 0.1% and increased the probability of acceptable classification to 99%.

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An IoT System for Social Distancing and Emergency Management in Smart Cities Using Multi-Sensor Data

Cited by 34 publications

References 61 publications

An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques

An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques

Energy Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes for Freight Train Braking Systems Monitoring

Placement of Optical Sensors in 3D Terrain Using a Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm

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