An IoT LoRaWAN Network for Environmental Radiation Monitoring

Manzano, L. Gallego; Boukabache, Hamza; Danzeca, Salvatore; Heracleous, N.; Murtas, F.; Perrin, D.; Pirc, Vasja; Alfaro, Alejandro Ribagorda; Zimmaro, Alessandro; Silari, M.

doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3089776

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…These include, for example, monitoring the minimum and maximum vibrations of industrial motors or the temperature threshold of cylindrical objects, such as shafts. However, for the application that requires data transmission through extended distances, the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is the most compatible approach [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically Flexible Ultralow-Power Wireless Sensor

Nguyen

Caffrey²,

Silvén

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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The key challenges of local sensor networks are in supporting high sensor density, information security, physical size, and especially energy efficiency at a level that could eliminate the need for batteries or external power supplies. This article presents a novel scheme that answers all issues at the cost of minor information losses in low data rate applications that tolerate latency. Experimental verification is made using a sensor node implemented on a flexible electronics platform. Lightly encrypted data are transmitted by embedding it into Bluetooth advertising packets, contributing to ultralow-energy wireless power consumption, and theoretically enabling an unlimited number of nodes in the local network. In the experiments, the energy dissipation per transmitted 14-B information packet varied between 19.83 and 105.93 µW depending on the system configuration, while the data loss rates ranged from 7.4% to 0.004%, respectively. As the flexible substrate can be attached to various surfaces, the applications extend from wearable to industrial condition monitoring devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically Flexible Ultralow-Power Wireless Sensor

Nguyen

Caffrey²,

Silvén

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…LoRaWAN is suitable for low-power IoT in smart city development [23]. There are examples of applications to power environment monitoring systems [24], intelligent care monitoring systems [25], transportation [26], medical treatment, energy-saving monitoring systems, or smoke monitoring systems. LoRaWAN can meet the demand for localization technology in IoT applications to ensure that intelligent objects have a corresponding location information, so that the data is well organized in the interconnection system, which increases the value of the IoT industry.…”

Section: Lorawan Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Security Risk of LoRaWAN: Compatibility Scenarios

Loukil

Fourati²,

Nayyar

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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The LoRaWAN standard comes from a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology suitable for developing Internet of Things (IoT) systems that are poised to disrupt the semiconductor industry. Even as a widespread technology used for diverse applications, security issues of long range (LoRa) networks and devices still remain a major challenge. Although the LoRa-Alliance enhanced the security and the network architecture of LoRaWAN from version 1.0 to version 1.1, the last version still faces some drawbacks such as being vulnerable to attacks. Some works in the literature have assessed LoRaWAN (v1.0 and v1.1) security risks and vulnerabilities. Moreover, all these specifications must coexist with each other, which makes compatibility an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of this technology. It is for this reason that we study the vulnerability of the LoRaWAN protocol in the context of compatibility. Hence, We consider four compatibility scenarios and possible cyber-attacks when connecting devices from the two mentioned versions. In this paper, we analyze the LoRaWAN architectures and then discuss the basic security concepts related to the compatibility scenarios between homogeneous or heterogeneous systems integrating the two LoRaWAN versions. After that, we investigate and then identify the potential security risks and network vulnerabilities in LoRaWAN technology. We establish a catalog of vulnerabilities for LoRaWAN on a methodological framework. The catalog contains 5 vulnerabilities related to LoRaWAN v1.0.x and v1.1 and 7 vulnerabilities related to LoRaWAN v1.0.x. After that, we check if these vulnerabilities could be applied to the compatibility scenarios. We observe that the majority of vulnerabilities mitigated in LoRaWAN v1.1 remain present in the compatibility scenarios.INDEX TERMS Internet of Things, Threats, LPWAN, LoRa, Risk assessment, Vulnerability. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE main goal of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is no mean feat of semiconductor engineering, is to connect a large number of physical objects (sensors, actuators, devices, etc.) deployed in the physical world within the cyber world for control and monitoring objectives via heterogeneous networks (providing short and long range connectivity). Actually, the cost reduction of sensors, IoT devices connectivity,intelligent microchip technologies as well as the increased computing power of the embedded devices, boost the development of IoT systems and their deployment for several applications [1]. Connected physical objects become smart by exploiting IoT technologies: ubiquitous and pervasive computing, embedded devices, communication technologies, sensors networks, Internet protocols, and advanced services [2]. Many researchers have focused on various communication technologies for massive IoT systems. According to [3], the connectivity requirements for massive IoT can be divided into three categories: technical, commercial, and ecosystem. The technical category looks at the coverage, battery efficiency, latency, and throug...

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“…The radiation dose measured by the Gamma radiation sensor was transmitted wirelessly over a secured and reliable connection over 10 km in rural and 7 km in urban areas. Most recently, the team from the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) developed Waste Radiation Monitoring (W-MON), an end-to-end data infrastructure for thousands of highly sensitive and ultralow-power gamma sensors for environmental radiation monitoring based on LoRA [105]. The system proposed a webbased user application for real-time monitoring, data visualization and status control for all devices based on open-source tools to improve their integration into the overall CERN Radiation and Monitoring Unified Supervision service.…”

Section: Stationary Radiation Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing Radiation Monitoring Technology at the Verge of Internet of Things

Ahmad

Rahim²,

Nordin

et al. 2021

Sensors

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As nuclear technology evolves, and continues to be used in various fields since its discovery less than a century ago, radiation safety has become a major concern to humans and the environment. Radiation monitoring plays a significant role in preventive radiological nuclear detection in nuclear facilities, hospitals, or in any activities associated with radioactive materials by acting as a tool to measure the risk of being exposed to radiation while reaping its benefit. Apart from in occupational settings, radiation monitoring is required in emergency responses to radiation incidents as well as outdoor radiation zones. Several radiation sensors have been developed, ranging from as simple as a Geiger-Muller counter to bulkier radiation systems such as the High Purity Germanium detector, with different functionality for use in different settings, but the inability to provide real-time data makes radiation monitoring activities less effective. The deployment of manned vehicles equipped with these radiation sensors reduces the scope of radiation monitoring operations significantly, but the safety of radiation monitoring operators is still compromised. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been introduced to the world and offered solutions to these limitations. This review elucidates a systematic understanding of the fundamental usage of the Internet of Drones for radiation monitoring purposes. The extension of essential functional blocks in IoT can be expanded across radiation monitoring industries, presenting several emerging research opportunities and challenges. This article offers a comprehensive review of the evolutionary application of IoT technology in nuclear and radiation monitoring. Finally, the security of the nuclear industry is discussed.

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An IoT LoRaWAN Network for Environmental Radiation Monitoring

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Physically Flexible Ultralow-Power Wireless Sensor

Physically Flexible Ultralow-Power Wireless Sensor

Investigation on Security Risk of LoRaWAN: Compatibility Scenarios

Ionizing Radiation Monitoring Technology at the Verge of Internet of Things

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