An iodine-doped polymer light-emitting diode

Huang, Fang; MacDiarmid, Alan G.; Hsieh, B.J.

doi:10.1063/1.120078

Cited by 105 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some HTM can be mixed with oxidizer, Lewis acid, or strong electron-acceptors such as FeCl 3 [23], SbCl 5 , iodine [24], tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane [26] to form effective p-type doping and obtain fantastic hole injection properties. The organic p-type doping, together with n-type doping is further discussed in detail later.…”

Section: Working Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Semiconductor Electroluminescent Materials

2015

Lecture Notes in Chemistry

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This chapter reviews the important progress made on small molecule electroluminescent materials used in organic light-emitting diode (OLED). In many cases we describe not only the material structures but also the properties associated with these materials, such as energy level, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) peaks, PL quantum yield, exciton life time, and so on. The performances of related devices are covered as well if they are available.

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Section: Working Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Semiconductor Electroluminescent Materials

2015

Lecture Notes in Chemistry

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“…Unfortunately, with respect to the application of doped polymers in LEDs, at the same time radiative recombination processes are strongly quenched due to the presence of dopants. In spite of this there have been several LEDs developed based on slightly doped conjugated polymers, which are characterized by low onset voltages but also by low efficiencies [50][51][52][53].…”

Section: El Devices From Conjugated Polymers With a High Defect Concementioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐State Aspects of Conjugated Semiconductors

Graupner

Tasch

Leising

1999

Semiconducting Polymers

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Conjugated semiconductors can exhibit energy bandgaps of 1 eV up to several eVs depending on the choice of the (1) building blocks, (2) the number of such building blocks, and (3) their precise arrangement with respect to each other. Therefore, they cover the region of narrow bandgap materials which absorb and emit light in the infrared region (a) and show reasonable charge transport properties. However, via the visible region (b), they even extend to the ultraviolet spectral range (c), performing like inorganic wide bandgap materials. This versatility and several other advantages such as mechanical flexibility, very high photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY), easy production of large areas outweigh the intrinsic instability of conjugated molecules to photo-oxidation. Except for applications where long-term stability is not required [1], a proper encapsulation has to be used to introduce conjugated semiconductors for technical applications; such an encapsulation is for example intrinsic to applications such as capacitors and batteries [2].This chapter is organized as follows: after a brief introduction into the class of conjugated semiconductors we will discuss the solid state properties needed in order to achieve the functionalities required for efficient device operation, based on this class of materials. Very different degrees of short and long range order can be obtained in conjugated semiconductors; we will describe them and discuss their consequences on macroscopic properties of films of these materials. Since the properties of the excited states in conjugated semiconductors are both a highly relevant question of fundamental research and essential for applications we will treat the field of excited states spectroscopy in a separate section. This section will be followed by a treatise of device aspects of light emitting devices made from conjugated molecules. Before concluding we will briefly discuss the photophysics of excitation energy transfer and the properties of highly emissive conjugated systems under high excitation densities.

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“…One is inserting a thin layer as an anode buffer layer between indium tin oxide (ITO) and hole transport layer (HTL), which reduces the energy barrier to enhance charge injection at the interfaces and ultimately reduce the driving voltage and improve the power efficiency of the device. Another method is using strong electron acceptor and donor materials as dopants in organic HTL and electron transport layer (ETL) in OLEDs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, it is well established that such kinds of transport compounds play electron-vibration trapping levels which can additionally operate the charge transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is hard to balance the holes and electrons in the emitting layer because hole mobility is generally faster than the electron mobility in organic materials. In order to solve this problem, several kinds of HTL, ETL, hole block layer, and electron block layer have been studied [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%