An Invisible Dermal Nanotattoo-Based Smart Wearable Sensor for eDiagnostics of Jaundice

Abstract

Despite substantial progress in the diagnosis of jaundice/ hyperbilirubinemia as the most common disease and cause of hospitalization of newborns, on the eve of Industry/Healthcare 5.0, the development of accurate and reliable wearable diagnostic sensors for noninvasive smart monitoring of bilirubin (BIL) is still in high demand. Aiming to fabricate a smart wearable sensor for early diagnosis of neonatal jaundice and its therapeutic monitoring, we here report a fluorescent dermal nanotattoo that further coupled with an IoT-integrated wearable optoelectronic reader for minimally invasive, continuous, and real-time monitoring of BIL in interstitial fluid. Selective recovery of quenched fluorescence of the dermal tattoo sensor, composed of biocompatible dissolving/hydrogel microneedles loaded with fluorescent carbon quantum dots, upon blue light exposure used for jaundice phototherapy was utilized for highly selective BIL sensing. The fascinating features of our developed smart wearable tattoo sensor and its successful results with high correlation with blood BIL results make it a highly promising sensor for easy, minimally invasive, reliable, and smart eDiagnostics and continuous therapeutic eMonitoring of jaundice and other BIL-induced diseases at the point of care. We envision that the developed nanotattoo sensing bioplatform will inspire the development of future smart tattoo sensors in various diagnostic and monitoring scenarios.