An Investigation Using Specific Absorption Rate Analysis to Diagnose Early- stage Breast Tumor using UWB Antenna

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to focus on the detection of early-stage breast tumor and its location. Background: Breast Cancer is the disease with the highest rate of progression and mortality among women. Due to breast cancer/tumors, the risk of mortality for women has risen exponentially. Between 2006 and 2010, women died from carcinoma at a rate of 123.8 cases per lakh, well ahead of the 2020 deadline for breast cancer. This problem may be also overcome by early identification of the tumor using different detection procedures like X-ray mammography, computerized tomography, ultrasound imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and microwave imaging [1]-[5]. Researchers have carried out multiple studies in these areas. Objective: To detect early-stage breast tumor and its location using SAR analysis. Methods: The major dielectrical difference between cancerous breast tissues and normal tissues in this technique is the microwave frequency range. The term Specific absorption rate (SAR) describes the amount of energy that is absorbed (W/Kg) in the breast tissue. This segment illustrates the usefulness of diagnosing the tumor position in the breast by means of maximum SAR value coordinates. Changes in breast and tumor size are important for the risk of diagnosis. The power absorbed in connecting with a normal breast and a tumor breast is measured and equivalent for different breast masses. The maximum SAR is also analyzed at distinct tumor locations at various frequency ranges. Results: It is observed that max SAR coordinates are very close to the actual tumor location. So, the maximal value of SAR coordinates indicates the existence of tumor in the breast phantom. Conclusion: The simulated data above strongly suggests that the Max SAR values were higher in the breast phantom with tumor as compared to the breast without tumor. With different tumor radius (3 mm and 5 mm) analyzed with different resonant frequencies like 3GHz, 4GHz, and 5GHz at actual tumor locations of (0, 0, 35). Even though a model representing the real properties of breast tissue is required to assess the validation of any imaging process, so the real-time development of equivalent breast phantom and its execution is needed.

A Novel Approach of a Low-Cost UWB Microwave Imaging System with High Resolution Based on SAR and a New Fast Reconstruction Algorithm for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection

“…At the beginning, the antenna is located at a random position around the breast at a distance of 10 mm to calculate the maximum value of SAR. As reported in [ 22 , 23 , 27 ], the coordinates of this value actually point exactly to the coordinates of tumor. Thereafter, the Vivaldi antenna position is relocated to where the tumor exists, resulting in a smaller distance between the transmitting antenna and tumor.…”

“…In this work, we have worked in a simulation environment under a CST MICROWAVE Studio Simulator to prove the efficiency of the proposed simulated imaging system. We adopted this technique, which proved to be effective in theory and was performed by many authors in the literature [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. To date, this technique is still theoretical.…”

Improved Modeling of Temperature Evolution during Lung Cancer Tumor Thermal Ablation

“…This applied electromagnetic wave energy absorbed into the lung tissue produced an internal heat generation leads to an increase in lung temperature. This process is basically dependent on the external energy provided by the unit mass of the tissue, which can be defined as the SAR [38]:…”

Terahertz Microstrip Patch Antenna for Breast Tumour Detection

“…SAR can help to define the tumour position at the maximum SAR value coordinates. Authors in [27] investigated the usage of SAR analysis to diagnose early stage of breast tumour using UWB antenna. SAR was simulated at different tumor radius (3 mm and 5 mm) with different resonant frequencies like 3GHz, 4GHz and 5GHz.…”