An Investigation to Determine the Exhaust Particulate Size Distributions for Diesel, Petrol, and Compressed Natural Gas Fuelled Vehicles

Greenwood, S; Coxon, John E.; Biddulph, T. W.; Bennett, John

doi:10.4271/961085

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There is a noticeable increase in particle emissions at the 70-mph, 3%-grade test point, but they remain more than 10-fold below diesel PM emissions in both particle number and PM mass. This is in contrast to previous reports of high particle number emissions from gasoline vehicles operated at high speed and load that were comparable to diesel vehicles 18 but may have been influenced by heat release artifacts from the transfer hose. 5 The low particle number emissions displayed in Figure 9 are in agreement with previous wind tunnel measurements.…”

Section: Performance Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

A Constant-Volume Rapid Exhaust Dilution System for Motor Vehicle Particulate Matter Number and Mass Measurements

Maricq

Chase

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Performance Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

A Constant-Volume Rapid Exhaust Dilution System for Motor Vehicle Particulate Matter Number and Mass Measurements

Maricq

Chase

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Although bimodal distributions have been reported by several authors (Graskow et al 1999;Abdul-Khalek et al 1998;Johnson 1992, 1996;Pagan 1999;Hawker et al 1998), others have found only a single mode within the same diameter range (Greenwood et al 1996;Rickeard et al 1996;Hammerle et al 1994;Lepperhoff et al 1994;Gruber and Klawatsch 1999). However, it still has not been proved whether such disagreement is due to different tested engines and operation conditions or to different sampling methodologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis

Lapuerta

Armas

Gómez

2003

Aerosol Science and Technology

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One of the most serious problems associated with Diesel engines is pollutant emissions, specially nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. However, although current emissions standards in Europe and America with regard to light vehicles and heavy duty engines refer to the particulate limit in mass units, there has been increasing concern of late to know the size and number of particles emitted by engines. This interest has been promoted by the latest studies about the harmful effects of particles on health and is enhanced by recent changes in internal combustion engine technology. This study is focused on the implementation of a method to determine the particle size distribution that could be appropriate for the current methodology of vehicle certification in Europe. This method uses an automated Digital Image Analysis Algorithm (DIAA) to determine particle size trends from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of filters charged in a partial dilution system used for measuring specific particulate emissions. The experimental work was performed on a stationary electric generation direct injection Diesel engine with 0.5 MW (671 hp) rated power, which is considered as a typical engine in middle power industries. Particulate size distributions obtained using DIAA were compared with distributions obtained using an Optical Particle Counter (OC) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), the latter currently considered as the most reliable technique. Although the number concentration detected by this method does not represent the real flowing particle concentration, the algorithm gives a fair reproduction of the trends observed with on-line techniques (SMPS and OC) when the engine load is varied.

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“…In general, PN emissions from CNG buses appear to be lower than from diesel buses, but there are some exceptions, particularly related to high engine load conditions (3,(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Critical Analysis of High Particle Number Emissions from Accelerating Compressed Natural Gas Buses

Jayaratne

Meyer²,

Ristovski³

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Compressed natural gas (CNG) engines are thought to be less harmful to the environment than conventional diesel engines, especially in terms of particle emissions. Although, this is true with respect to particulate matter (PM) emissions, results of particle number (PN) emission comparisons have been inconclusive. In this study, results of on-road and dynamometer studies of buses were used to derive several important conclusions. We show that, although PN emissions from CNG buses are significantly lower than from diesel buses at low engine power, they become comparable at high power. For diesel buses, PN emissions are not significantly different between acceleration and operation at steady maximum power.However, the corresponding PN emissions from CNG buses when accelerating are an order of magnitude greater than when operating at steady maximum power. During acceleration under heavy load, PN emissions from CNG buses are an order of magnitude higher than from diesel buses. The particles emitted from CNG buses are too small to contribute to PM 10 emissions or contribute to a reduction of visibility, and may consist of semivolatile nanoparticles.

show abstract

An Investigation to Determine the Exhaust Particulate Size Distributions for Diesel, Petrol, and Compressed Natural Gas Fuelled Vehicles

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

A Constant-Volume Rapid Exhaust Dilution System for Motor Vehicle Particulate Matter Number and Mass Measurements

A Constant-Volume Rapid Exhaust Dilution System for Motor Vehicle Particulate Matter Number and Mass Measurements

Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis

Critical Analysis of High Particle Number Emissions from Accelerating Compressed Natural Gas Buses

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