An investigation on the tribological properties of graphene and ZDDP as additives in PAO4 oil

Yang, Zhao; Geng, Zhongrong; Li, Dongshan; Wang, Liguo; Lu, Zhibin; Zhang, Guangan

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108635

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Under a 2 N load, the friction coefficient of 0.05 wt % CDs was the lowest (0.07), which was reduced by 50%, and the wear scar width was only 106.60 μm. The GO, 35 zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP), 36 molybdenum disulfide, 37 and Cu microparticles 38 in oil-based lubrication results are shown in Table S1. It can be seen that CDs reduced the average friction coefficient of base oil more effectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Kilogram Carbon Dots for Superior Friction Reduction and Antiwear Additives

et al. 2022

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Because of the high synthesis cost, strong chemical inertness, complex process, and easy to endanger environment of traditional carbon-based nanolubricant additives, the development of its application in lubrication is limited. Therefore, a new type of lubricant additive with low cost, high yield, high performance, and environmental protection is urgently needed. Herein, a kilogram-scale carbon dots (CDs) lubricant additive was prepared by a simple and green one-step reaction of aldol condensation, which showed excellent lubricating properties in water and sunflower oil. The tribological properties of the CDs lubricant additive at different concentrations, loads, and speeds were systematically studied. The results show that the average friction coefficient of water is significantly reduced by 75% by a CDs lubricant additive. In particular, CDs not only exhibited excellent service life and lubrication stability during friction but also kept the friction coefficient change rate of sunflower seed oil close to 0 within 500 min. According to the tribological evaluation and wear surface analysis, the lubrication mechanism of CDs was attributed to their own morphological characteristics and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. In the friction process, the charge adsorption effect, the adsorption protective film, and the hydrogen bonding layer are generated, which play an essential role in obvious antiwear and friction reduction. Therefore, this work provides a reference for the preparation of high-performance and high-yield lubricant additives.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Kilogram Carbon Dots for Superior Friction Reduction and Antiwear Additives

et al. 2022

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“…• COF (coefficient of friction) value: the maximum friction coefficient value during one stroke, which arises usually from the dead centers of the oscillation movement, representing the property of the system under boundary lubrication condition; • FAI (friction absolute integral) value: an average value calculated from the area under the friction coefficient values recorded with high frequency, representing the property of the system under mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. The calculating equation can be observed in (1). The homogenization of the yttria nanoparticles into the used liquid is crucial to produce nanolubricants with positive tribological properties.…”

Section: Investigation Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lubricants used in internal combustion engines are very complex liquids, containing several additives for different purposes, e.g., viscosity modifiers, antiwear additives such as ZDDP (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate) [1] or PTFE (poly(tetrafluoroethene)) [2,3], defoamers such as silicone oils, etc. To take advantage of the maximum potential of the lubricants, the additives must be compatible with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Properties of the Nanoscale Spherical Y2O3 Particles as Lubricant Additives in Automotive Application

et al. 2022

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The continuous tribological development of engine lubricants is becoming more and more vital due to its fuel efficiency improvement and lifetime increasing potential. The antiwear additives play a high role in the lubricants to protect the contacting surfaces even in the presence of thinner oil film. Nanoscale spherical particles in the lubricant may increase the necessary protecting effect. This paper presents the results of the experimental tribological investigation of nanoscale spherical Y2O3 (yttria) ceramic particles as an engine lubricant additive. The ball-on-disc tribological measurements have revealed an optimum concentration at 0.5 wt% with about 45% wear scar diameter and 90% wear volume decrease, compared to the reference, neat Group III base oil. The high-magnitude SEM analysis revealed the working mechanisms of yttria: the particles collected in the roughness valleys resulted in a smoother contacting surface, they were tribo-sintered and they have also caused slight plastic deformation of the outer layer of the metallic surface.

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“…Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is widely used in industrial oils due to its antioxidant, antiwear and extreme pressure functions, as well as its low cost. However, the use of ZDDP is gradually being restricted due to its tendency to cause toxic failures in automotive triple‐acting catalytic systems and its severe corrosion 10–12 . Trimethylol phosphate (T306) is also an excellent extreme pressure antiwear agent and is widely used in aviation lubricants, gear oils and antiwear hydraulic fluids due to its good antiwear properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of ZDDP is gradually being restricted due to its tendency to cause toxic failures in automotive triple-acting catalytic systems and its severe corrosion. [10][11][12] Trimethylol phosphate (T306) is also an excellent extreme pressure antiwear agent and is widely used in aviation lubricants, gear oils and antiwear hydraulic fluids due to its good antiwear properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy. However, T306 has three isomers (o-, meso-and para-) of which the o-isomer is a neurotoxic agent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tribological performance study of oil‐soluble ILs as lubricant additives by the four‐ball method

Yang

Liang

Huang

et al. 2022

Lubrication Science

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Four oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) with different structures were synthesised: N 88816 -Doss (N/S), P 88816 -Doss (P/S), N 88816 phosphate (N/P) and P 88816 phosphate (P/P). The effects of the four ILs synthesised with conventional lubricating additives isobutylene sulfide (T321), zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and tricresyl phosphate (T306) as PAO10 additives on the physicochemical properties of the prepared oil samples were systematically investigated at the same dosing rates. The antifriction and antiwear properties and extreme pressure performance of oil samples prepared by four ILs and three conventional additives were investigated by a four-ball friction and a wear testing machine.The results showed that P/S improved the thermal stability of PAO10. The addition of N/S significantly improved the tribological performance of PAO10 at room temperature and under heavy loading. The coefficient of friction was reduced by 90%, the wear spot diameter is decreased by 28%, the last non-seizure load P B is doubled, and the resistance to sintering did not improve.

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An investigation on the tribological properties of graphene and ZDDP as additives in PAO4 oil

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Synthetic Kilogram Carbon Dots for Superior Friction Reduction and Antiwear Additives

Synthetic Kilogram Carbon Dots for Superior Friction Reduction and Antiwear Additives

Tribological Properties of the Nanoscale Spherical Y2O3 Particles as Lubricant Additives in Automotive Application

Tribological performance study of oil‐soluble ILs as lubricant additives by the four‐ball method

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