An Investigation of the Safety and Nutritional Adequacy of Infant Formulas Found in Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction Human breast milk is most recommended for the feeding of infants. Infant formulas could be introduced due to a number of reasons relating to the health of the mother or of the baby.  Objective To assess the nutritional adequacy and safety of commonly sold infant formula milk brands in the Nigerian market.  Method An observational study was conducted in Plateau State Nigeria around the months of February – April 2023 where five (5) different brand of infant formulas where compared. These were chosen because they were the most commonly available formulas in the market. Macro and micronutrient content of each formula milk was carefully collected from the cans and documented. Also, a comparison was made between the selected infant formulas and the European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrient (ESPGHAN) guidelines.  Results All included infant formula brands (SMA, Peak Baby, My Boy, NAN, and Lactogen) have their content within the optimal range as specified by the ESPGHAN. However, some formulas did not contain elements as fluoride and Niacin. Others are Aracidonic acid (AA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and Nucleotides.  Discussion Findings from this study revealed that all the included infant formula brands could be considered safe but not all are nutritionally adequate for infant feeding.  Conclusion There is a need re-evaluate the composition of infant formula brands commonly sold on the Nigerian market. This is necessary since the commonly available brands were not nutritionally adequate.