An investigation of the relationship between eye and retinal image movement in the perception of movement

Mack, Arien

doi:10.3758/bf03212596

Cited by 222 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This SSD was more pronounced for horizontal transitions than for vertical transitions that occurred during horizontal saccades consistent with earlier reports (Heywood and Churcher 1981). Previous research has suggested that changes orthogonal to the saccade direction are easier to detect than congruent changes (Festinger and Holtzman 1978;Niemeier et al 2003) although others have reported no such diVerence (Mack 1970;Stark et al 1976;Bridgeman and Stark 1979). Our results suggest that perceived magnitude of trans-saccadic displacements may exhibit a similar congruent versus orthogonal anisotropy.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Apparent motion during saccadic suppression periods

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensitivity to many visual stimuli, and, in particular, image displacement, is reduced during a change in Wxation (saccade) compared to when the eye is still. In these experiments, we studied the sensitivity of observers to ecologically relevant image translations of large, complex, real world scenes either during horizontal saccades or during Wxation. In the Wrst experiment, we found that such displacements were much less detectable during saccades than during Wxation. Qualitatively, even when trans-saccadic scene changes were detectible, they were less salient and appeared slower than equivalent changes in the absence of a saccade. Two further experiments followed up on this observation and estimated the perceived magnitude of trans-saccadic apparent motion using a two-interval forcedchoice procedure (Experiment 2) and a magnitude estimation procedure (Experiment 3). Both experiments suggest that trans-saccadic displacements were perceived as smaller than equivalent inter-saccadic displacements. We conclude that during saccades, the magnitude of the apparent motion signal is attenuated as well as its detectability.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 90%

Apparent motion during saccadic suppression periods

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Saccade length function: If the stimulus shift magnitude is held constant, displacement detection drops as saccade length increases (Bridgeman et al, 1975;Li & Matin, 1990;Mack, 1970). Displacement threshold level: Displacements can be reliably detected when the magnitude of the shift is about 10% to 20% of the length of the saccade (Mack, 1970;Whipple & Wallach, 1978).…”

Section: Cancellation Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of available cues, including the weighting of retinal and extra-retinal information in detecting stimulus displacements, is likely to depend on characteristics of the visual stimulus, the task and the observers. Such flexibility would limit the generalizability of the psychophysical results from early studies of detectability (Mack, 1970;Bridgeman et al, 1975;Stark, Kong, Schwartz, Hendry, & Bridgeman, 1976;Whipple & Wallach, 1978). However, there are no published studies that report…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual stability across saccades while viewing complex pictures.

McConkie

Currie

1996

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

298

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As people visually examine their world, the proximal stimulus pattern changes position on their retinae with every saccade, but they still perceive the world as being stable. This phenomenon of space constancy or visual stability was explored by making changes in natural, full-color pictures during selected saccades as observers examined them for 20 s in preparation for a recognition test. In Experiment 1, the pictures were displaced up, down, left, or right by 03, 0.6, or 1.2 deg. In Experiment 2, the pictures were expanded or contracted in size by 10% or 20%. As a secondary task, subjects pressed a button whenever they detected a change in the picture. Three results from previous studies with simpler stimuli did not generalize to this situation. Evidence suggests that subjects' detection of image displacements as they examine complex pictures primarily involves the use of local information in the region of the saccade's landing position. A saccade target theory of visual stability is proposed.Visual Stability Across Saccades -2 VISUAL STABILITY ACROSS SACCADES WHILE VIEWING COMPLEX PICTURESMaking a saccadic eye movement causes a displacement of the light pattern across the retinae. If a similar retinal displacement occurs during an eye fixation, there is perception of movement: that is, the world appears to jump. However, the same pattern of motion on the retinae, occurring as a consequence of making a saccade, is not perceived and the world appears stable. 1 This phenomenon, referred to traditionally as space constancy, and which we will call visual stability, permits people to visually explore the world with a moving sensory matrix without mis-attributing self-induced stimulus motion on the matrix to the world itself. How the visual system achieves this stability has been a matter of speculation and research since Helmholtz (1866/1963) discussed the problem.Two classes of theories have been proposed to explain this visual stability. One class of theories assumes that the characteristics of the proximal stimulus alone are sufficient to distinguish between retinal change resulting from saccadic eye movements and change resulting from movement in the world. The other class of theories assumes that some additional, non-retinal information is required, though individual theories differ in the nature of the information proposed. Proximal Stimulus Alone: GibsonGibson (1966) argued that the transformation of the visual array over time that results from making a saccade is different from that which typically results from motion in the world. A saccadic eye movement produces a rigid displacement of the entire light pattern on the retinae. Thus, this type of transformation specifies a self-induced stimulus displacement rather than a change in the world. Furthermore, though not stated by Gibson, saccadic suppression (Volkman, Schick, & Riggs, 1968), together with visual masking from pre-and post-saccadic visual fields, prevents the perception of the stimulus motion on the retinae that results from a saccade-prod...

show abstract

“…Relatively high speeds of object movement can lead to image displacement that is correctly attributed to object movement (e.g., Mack, 1970;Wertheim, 1981;Whipple & Wallach, 1978). This is unlikely, however, at perceivable low speeds of object movement (e.g., Shaffer& Wallach, 1966).…”

Section: Induced Movement and General Visual Perception Of Object Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced movement in the visual modality: An overview.

Reinhardt-Rutland¹

1988

Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Induced movement, illusory movement in a stationary stimulus resulting from adjoining movement, has received steady experimental investigation over the last 70 years or so. It is observed under different viewing conditions in a wide variety of displays that differ considerably in overall size and in form of inducing and induced stimuli. Explanations have been diverse, some being based on relations within the display and others invoking mediation by other aspects of the observer's perception. Probably, no one explanation can account for all forms of induced movement. Current knowledge about induced movement may have important implications for visual perception of object morion. Among possibly important factors is size of display, which can vary from two small spots (e.g., Carr & Hardy, 1920) to displays occupying most of the observer's visual field (e.g., Post, 1986).A second major purpose of this overview is to examine explanations for induced movement (Explanations section). Duncker's (1929Duncker's ( /1938 findings have had an important influence here, although many of his suggestions have subsequently been shown to require at least some modification. For example, his theory I thank J. Morss for reading an earlier version of this article, J. Ravey for translation, and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions.

show abstract

An investigation of the relationship between eye and retinal image movement in the perception of movement

Cited by 222 publications

References 11 publications

Apparent motion during saccadic suppression periods

Apparent motion during saccadic suppression periods

Visual stability across saccades while viewing complex pictures.

Induced movement in the visual modality: An overview.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About