An investigation of the mechanisms of odor suppression using physical and dichorhinic mixtures

Receptor Agonism and Antagonism of Dietary Bitter Compounds

“…Likewise, in a comprehensive psychophysical study testing binary mixtures of eight well known bitter tastants, identified that, whereas the majority of substances exhibited additive effects, urea suppressed the bitter intensity if mixed with other substances in a compound and concentration-dependent manner. These phenomena are reminiscent of mixture suppression, a phenomenon that has been observed frequently in the olfactory system and that results from the simultaneous presence of more than one odorant (Laing and Willcox, 1987). Mixture suppression is induced by odorants that inhibit olfactory receptors and thereby olfactory sensory neurons (Sanhueza et In very much the same way, the ambivalent effect of bitter compounds, such as 3HDC and 3HP, on hTAS2Rs proposes that bitter compounds in our diets mutually influence taste percep- Table 1) or mixtures of specific stimuli with 3HDC or 3HP, respectively (white bars, 100 M) (n ϭ 3).…”

Intranasal chemosensory function of the trigeminal nerve and aspects of its relation to olfaction

“…These suppressive effects were found to occur regardless of whether the mixture was presented simultaneously to both nostrils or if a different odor was presented to each nostril, suggesting that the suppression was centrally mediated. Using mixed stimuli and a similar stimulation technique Laing and Willcox [78] found that the location of suppression, central or peripheral, varies and is dependent on the quality of the stimuli. However, it should be noted that it is difficult to interpret these interactions as occurring purely between the olfactory and trigeminal systems as, amyl butyrate being a mixed stimulus, interactions may have also occurred at the level of the trigeminal system.…”

Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures

“…Normalization allows our encoding model to outperform noninteracting models in odor discrimination tasks, and to explain several psychophysical experiments in humans. * equal contribution † corresponding authors importance of peripheral interactions in shaping mixture perception has been directly shown by electrophysiological and psychophysical measurements [26][27][28]. However, the functional role, if any, of inhibition at the ORN level remains unknown.While the above arguments are generally valid qualitatively, their specific application to immunology involves single lymphocytes.…”