An investigation of the mechanical characteristics of natural particle‐reinforced glass and epoxy composites after immersion in acidic and basic aging solutions

The lignocellulosic fiber has distinct capacities and properties from diverse perspectives. As there is a crucial need for the development of green products, many industries are racing to identify potential fibers for their products. This work focuses first on the property enhancement using chemical modification techniques for Cymbopogon flexuosus stem fiber (CFS), which is extracted from the waste residue of an oil industry. The chemically treated fibers resulted in higher cellulose (77.35%) and lower hemicellulose‐lignin contents (8.36% and 14.5%), which favors composite manufacturing. Morphological analysis on the fiber surface through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) evidenced the surface was rough, and a single fiber tensile test reveals an average tensile strength of 635 ± 4.5 MPa. Further x‐ray diffraction examination verified the existence of semi‐crystalline cellulose with a size of 14.32 nm and a higher crystallinity index of 55.17%. Secondly, to explore fiber prospective qualities against the commercially available bio‐composite, epoxy resin‐based composites were prepared by varying the weight and length of fiber reinforced. The surface‐modified CFS epoxy composite has the highest tensile strength (77.71 MPa), tensile modulus (5.26 Gpa), flexural strength (87.4 MPa), flexural modulus (1.85 GPa), hardness (64 HRRW), and impact strength (9.31 J/cm2). The thermogravimetric analyses were evaluated to assess their weight loss under heat influence. Tensile fractography was also investigated to establish the structure–property relationship between the composite and fiber. Thus, unique fiber was identified as an ecologically benign and economically viable raw material to build lightweight green materials for industrial applications.Highlights Studies explores the potential of CFSF, which is typically an industrial waste. Chemical modification reveals the enhancement of properties. Identifies optimum parameters that enhance composite properties. This aligns with the broader trend of sustainable and green manufacturing.

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing properties and sustainability: Surface modified Cymbopogon flexuosus stem fiber for green composite materials

Somasundaram,

Ananchaperumal

et al. 2023

The theoretical and experimental buckling analysis of a nanocomposite beams reinforced by nanorods made of recycled materials

Bargozini,

Mohammadimehr

2023

In this article, the numerical and experimental results for buckling analysis of a nanocomposite beams reinforced by nanorods are studied and compared. The Chebyshev–Ritz method is used to calculate the buckling numerically and compare it with the buckling test. Epoxy resin, glass's fiber, and nanorods are used to make composites. These nanorods are made using recycled materials. Also, bending and tensile tests are used to obtain the properties of these composites. In addition, the effect of various parameters such as Young's modulus, temperature change, Poisson's ratio, and boundary conditions, the strain gradient parameter, and different shape function is investigated. The addition of nanorods increases the strength and stiffness of composites and increases the critical buckling load. Actually, the made nanorods are used as a reinforcement in matrix, thus in the made nanocomposites, fracture and buckling tests are done and the results indicate that the inclusion of nanorods (0.32%) increases the critical buckling load by 16.4%. A facile hydrothermal method to synthesis the nano rodes has a less cost with the other methods, thus by adding a small percentage of it to the composite, the stiffness of the structure increases. According to the results and the significant increase in Young's modulus and critical buckling load and the cost‐effectiveness of carbon nanorods (CNRs) made from recycled materials, these environmentally friendly reinforcements can be used in various industries such as machine body construction, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding and construction of type's turbines.Highlights Using potato peels and hydrothermal methods, CNRs produced. These CNRs are useful, and production is cheap and no harm environmental. Buckling sample include of glass fiber, without and with CNRs and epoxy resin. Third order shear deformation beam theory and Chebyshev–Ritz are used Theoretical and experimental buckling critical load are compared.

Dynamic responses and damage/element composition analysis of thermoplastic polyamide reinforced epoxy composites exposed to HCI environment

Coskun,

Sozen,

Sahin

2024

The present study aimed to examine how the corrosive environment affected the low‐velocity impact (LVI) characteristics and damage mechanisms of thermoplastic polyamide fiber‐reinforced polymer (PFRP) composites. In this regard, composite specimens were subjected to corrosive environment containing 10 wt.% diluted HCl for one week and one month before LVI tests. To investigate the hostile effects of the corrosive environment on the composites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray system (EDX) analyses were carried out, and thus variations in the elemental composition and damage mechanisms for the composites were determined. According to the examinations, it was discovered that the degradation in LVI responses, such as contact stiffness, bending stiffness, and peak force, increased with longer aging time, as expected. Furthermore, when the aging effect was assessed based on absorbed energy, the specimens exposed to a corrosive environment for one month exhibited the highest energy absorption compared to the control and 1‐week‐immersed ones. The degrading effect of the HCI environment appeared as higher damage severity on the composites, which was also detected from the SEM images. According to the SEM analyses, matrix cracks, corrosion pits, and local surface imperfections caused by ion exchange are detected in 1‐week‐immersed specimens, while more serious damage mechanisms such as fiber breakage and fiber pull‐out are noted in specimens exposed to corrosive environment for 1 month. Furthermore, approximately 6.33 wt.% CI was identified in the composites after 1 month of aging, which was associated with the hydrolysis triggered by rise in the composite's damage severity.Highlights Aging effects in mechanical properties of PFRP composites were investigated LVI tests were conducted to determine dynamic responses of aged composites Longer aging time led to more severe damages such fiber rupture, delamination etc. PFRP composites absorbed at least 68% of impact energy.