An investigation of the interaction between cognitive style and context reinstatement on the memory performance of eyewitnesses

Emmett, D; Clifford, Brian R.; Gwyer, Patrick G

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00131-9

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The tendency for memory enhancement to be more robust with free recall fits in with some other findings using conventional hypnosis procedures (Erdelyi, 1994), as well as Focused Meditation (Wagstaff, Brunas-Wagstaff, Knapton, et al, 2004) and context reinstatement procedures (Emmett et al, 2003). Although the reasons for this remain unclear, perhaps the most simple explanation is that, when retrieving information by free recall, the participant potentially has available all the information he or she has encoded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…For example, a variety of evidence suggests that, when used by itself, mental context reinstatement, a component of the original Cognitive Interview, can be particularly effective (Cutler, Penrod, & Martens, 1987;Emmett, Clifford, & Gwyer, 2003;Hammond, Wagstaff, & Cole, 2006;Malpass & Devine, 1981;Smith & Vela, 2001). Indeed, context reinstatement along with "report everything" are now recognized as the most effective mnemonic components of the Cognitive Interview (Davis, McMahon, & Greenwood, 2005;Milne & Bull, 2002;Wilcock, Bull, & Vrij, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Witness Memory With Techniques Derived From Hypnotic Investigative Interviewing:Focused Meditation, Eye-Closure, and Context Reinstatement

Wagstaff

Wheatcroft

Caddick

et al. 2011

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Due to several well-documented problems, hypnosis as a forensic interviewing tool has been largely replaced by the cognitive interview; however, the latter is problematic in time and complexity. This article builds on previous research showing that some procedures used in traditional hypnotic forensic interviewing might still be useful in developing alternative procedures for use in investigative interviewing. Two experiments are described that include a focused meditation with eye-closure technique with similarities to conventional hypnotic induction but without the label of hypnosis. In the first, focused meditation was comparable to a context reinstatement, or revivification, technique in facilitating memory in children aged 6 to 7 without increasing errors or inflating confidence. In the second, when used in combination with context reinstatement, focused meditation was resistant to the effects of misleading information in adults. Implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Witness Memory With Techniques Derived From Hypnotic Investigative Interviewing:Focused Meditation, Eye-Closure, and Context Reinstatement

Wagstaff

Wheatcroft

Caddick

et al. 2011

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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“…For example, it is not immediately obvious why Focused Meditation, with or without eye-closure, works most reliably with free recall. Interestingly the evidence also suggests that the positive effects of context reinstatement are most reliably demonstrated with free recall (Emmett et al 2003), suggesting that there may be a common explanation. One possibility might be that, when retrieving information by free recall, the participant potentially has available all the information he or she has encoded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Enhancing Witness Memory with Focused Meditation and Eye-Closure: Assessing the Effects of Misinformation

Wagstaff¹,

Wheatcroft²,

Burt³

et al. 2010

J Police Crim Psych

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Despite the decline in popularity of hypnosis as an investigative interviewing technique, this paper builds on previous research showing that some of the techniques employed in traditional hypnotic interviewing may still be useful in the development of simple, brief memory facilitation procedures for use by the police. Three experiments are described that investigate the effects of a short Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique in situations where participants are presented with misleading information. In the first study, which utilized a standard misinformation paradigm, a significant memory facilitation effect was shown with Focused Meditation, though the effect was not significant for eye-closure alone. There were no increases in errors when the Meditation and eye-closure procedures were used alone or in combination. The second experiment showed that a combined Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique reduced misinformation effects associated with fictitious events, and a third showed that the same technique reduced interrogative suggestibility effects as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, whilst facilitating free recall memory. It is concluded that a Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique may potentially have applications in the field where brief alternatives to the Cognitive Interview are required.

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“…For example, in a famous experiment scuba divers who memorized a list of words either on land or under water were most accurate, recalling 40% more information when tested in the same environment they originally learned the information (Godden & Baddeley, 1975). Many subsequent studies have confirmed that the addition of similar contextual cues at retrieval increases the quantity of accurate information recalled without an accompanying increase in inaccurate information (e.g., Davis, McMahon, & Greenwood, 2005;Emmett, Clifford, & Gwyer, 2003;Milne & Bull, 2002).…”

Section: Interviewer's Effect On Witness Memory -Working Alliance Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding rapport-building in investigative interviews: Does rapport's effect on witness memory and suggestibility depend on the interviewer?

Kieckhaefer¹

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An investigation of the interaction between cognitive style and context reinstatement on the memory performance of eyewitnesses

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancing Witness Memory With Techniques Derived From Hypnotic Investigative Interviewing:Focused Meditation, Eye-Closure, and Context Reinstatement

Enhancing Witness Memory With Techniques Derived From Hypnotic Investigative Interviewing:Focused Meditation, Eye-Closure, and Context Reinstatement

Enhancing Witness Memory with Focused Meditation and Eye-Closure: Assessing the Effects of Misinformation

Understanding rapport-building in investigative interviews: Does rapport's effect on witness memory and suggestibility depend on the interviewer?

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