An investigation of the current status of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries from consumer electronics in China

Gu, Fei; Guo, Jianfeng; Yao, Xing; Summers, Peter A.; Widijatmoko, Samuel D.; Hall, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.181

Cited by 244 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…Combined with Table 4, users between 25-35 years have the highest average mileages using shared bicycles to replace other traveling means, followed by those between 36-45 years. This shows that opening up the [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] year old user market and increasing its user stickiness would bring more environmental benefits to bicycle sharing. The end-point environmental impacts of all studied processes are displayed in Figure 6.…”

Section: Results Of Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the reading habits [33], a questionnaire with a timespan of less than 15 s is considered as invalid. (5) Stratified adjustment [34] is conducted according to the number of shared bicycles in different levels of cities [35], instead of age structure, because there is no data on the age structure of shared bicycle users. The aim of this adjustment is to correct possible bias in the different traveling demands, public transit infrastructures, and adoption rates of bicycle sharing in different levels of cities [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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As an icon of sharing economy and product service systems, bicycle sharing is gaining an increasing global popularity, yet there is little knowledge about the environmental performance of this emerging traveling mode. To seek the answer to the question, the paper employs a survey-based method and a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. We first conduct a questionnaire-based survey to identify the changes in traveling modes after the introduction of shared bicycles. The survey results show that the use of shared bicycles is more popular among young and low-income populations, and shared bicycles are predominantly used to replace walking and bus-taking. Based on the survey results, we model the environmental impacts of the changed traveling behaviors and the life cycle of shared bicycle with the aid of Gabi software. The LCA results shows that bicycle sharing is currently an environmentally friendly practice, as it brings environmental savings in all the indicators except metal consumption. Further, the results of sensitivity analysis show that aging, rising rental fees, and increasing volume of shared bicycles would impart negative impacts on the environmental performance of bicycle sharing. The findings of this work facilitate the management and development of bicycle sharing.

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Section: Results Of Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…; Gu et al. ). Another experimental approach called direct recovery can already recover 70% of the battery weight regardless of the battery chemistry, type, and size (Heelan et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, this will create an additional incentive for recycling (Zackrisson 2016). Third, promising recovery processes are being developed in the research sector, and recovery rates above 95% for several battery components such as lithium, aluminum, copper, nickel, or manganese have been reported Li et al 2017;Gu et al 2017). Another experimental approach called direct recovery can already recover 70% of the battery weight regardless of the battery chemistry, type, and size (Heelan et al 2016;Gies 2015).…”

Section: End-of-life Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Batteries in the Future Swiss Electricity Supply System: A Consequential Environmental Assessment

Vandepaer

Cloutier

Bauer

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Stationary batteries are projected to play a role in the electricity system of Switzerland after 2030. By enabling the integration of surplus production from intermittent renewables, energy storage units displace electricity production from different sources and potentially create environmental benefits. Nevertheless, batteries can also cause substantial environmental impacts during their manufacturing process and through the extraction of raw materials. A prospective consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) of lithium metal polymer and lithium‐ion stationary batteries is undertaken to quantify potential environmental benefits and drawbacks. Projections are integrated into the LCA model: Energy scenarios are used to obtain marginal electricity supply mixes, and projections about the battery performances and the recycling process are sourced from the literature. The roles of key parameters and methodological choices in the results are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the displacement of marginal electricity sources determines the environmental implications of using batteries. In the reference scenario representing current policy, the displaced electricity mix is dominated by natural gas combined cycle units. In this scenario, the use of batteries generates environmental benefits in 12 of the 16 impact categories assessed. Nevertheless, there is a significant reduction in achievable environmental benefits when batteries are integrated into the power supply system in a low‐carbon scenario because the marginal electricity production, displaced using batteries, already has a reduced environmental impact. The direct impacts of batteries mainly originate from upstream manufacturing processes, which consume electricity and mining activities related to the extraction of materials such as copper and bauxite.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The rising demand for EV and the low accessibility to raw materials are threatening the LIBs production and urge the instant necessity of recycling to employ the valuable materials. [1,2,[16][17][18]20,22,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In this review, we discuss first time in detail about the reutilization of spent LIBs materials/recovered materials in various fields including LIB, supercapacitors, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), adsorption, photocatalytic studies, etc. [27,28] In chemical process, researchers mostly prefer hydrometallurgical route for the recycling of spent LIBs attributable to the great advantages such as low energy conditions, minimization of waste water, and higher percentage recovery of metals with high purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

213

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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An investigation of the current status of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries from consumer electronics in China

Cited by 244 publications

References 50 publications

Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys

Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys

Integrating Batteries in the Future Swiss Electricity Supply System: A Consequential Environmental Assessment

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

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