An Investigation of the Antiumor Peptidoglycan Fraction from Squid Ink.

Takaya, Yoshiaki; Uchisawa, Hidemitsu; Matsue, Hiroyuki; Okuzaki, Bun-ichi; Narumi, Fumiaki; Sasaki, J; Ishida, Kunio

doi:10.1248/bpb.17.846

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…This is based on the observations that illexin obtained by treatment of IPG with proteolytic enzymes does not show antitumor activity and that the antitumor fraction contains an unknown compound that is non-protein and non-saccharide, such as melanin pigment (Takaya et al, 1994a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of antitumor activity The evaluation method was a modification of that reported previously (Takaya et al, 1994a;Sasaki et al, 1997) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actinase E was purchased from Nacalai Preparation of crude extract The following procedures were all perfoamed at 4'C. Crude extract was prepared by the method described previously (Takaya et al, 1994a). Frozen ink was homogenized with a Waring blender with f~our volumes of acetone at -30'C, and the homogenate was filtered through a glass filter (26G3.…”

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Tyrosinase Activity in Antitumor Compounds of Squid Ink.

Naraoka

Chung

Uchisawa

et al. 2000

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Previous studies have demonstrated antitumor activity in squid ink. This study was carried out to clarify the key component of, and the role of tyrosinase in the antitumor activity! The antitumor fraction, which contains illexin-peptidoglycan, soluble melanin and tyrosinase activity, was isolated from the defatted ink using Tris-HCI buffer extraction, DEAE Sephacel and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography During the isolation procedure, the behavior of the tyrosinase activity exhibited the same pattern as the antitumor activity. The antitumor fraction could be separated by Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography into three fractions: illexin-peptidoglycan, tyrosinase and the complex of the two.The fraction containing illexin-peptidoglycan and tyrosinase showed the highest activity against the Meth A tumor in BALB/C mice. This suggests that both these components are needed for the antitumor activity of squid ink.Keywords : squid ink, antitumor activity, tyrosinase, illexin, peptidoglycan Squid ink is used as an additive in food processing (Sato, l 995). In terms of the physiological activities of the ink, regulation of gastric juice secretion and anti-ulceration activity have been reported (Mimura et al.,1982, 1 985). In addition, we have found that squid ink has antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/C mice. The ink fraction containing peptidoglycan had higher antitumor activity than the other fractions (Takaya et al. , 1 994a;Sasaki et al., 1997). We also found that the carbohydrate part of the peptidoglycan has a new type of mucopolysaccharide structure which we called illexin (Takaya et a/., l 994b, 1 996). However, the key component and mechanism of antitumor activity is unclear.As to the biological f'unctions of IPG, we have found that highly soluble melanin could be prepared from dopa by using tyrosinase (monophenol. L-dopa: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1 . 14. 1 8. I ) in the presence of IPG (unpublished data). The result suggests a cooperative role of IPG and tyrosinase in biosynthesis of the ink in cephalopods, based on their specific interactions.Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in nature, which catalyzes the o-hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa, as well as the oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone during melanin formation (Hearing & Ekel, 1 976). The properties and functions of tyrosinase from many organisms have been reported. In arthropods, tyrosinase is known to play a key role in cuticular tanning and sclerotization and in det~ense against pathogens (Soderhall et al., 1979; Ashida & Donke, 1980;Andersen & Roepstorff, 1 982; Sugumaran, 1 988; Johansson & Soderhall, l 989; Aspin et a/., 1 995; Hall et al. , 1995). However, in cephalopods, the characteristics of tyrosinase, which is the principal enzyme for making the ink, have not been investigated sufnciently (Prota et al., 1981 ; Palumbo et al. , 1 985, 1994, 1 997).Abbreviations: IPG, illexin-peptidoglycan; dopa, 3_ ,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electorophoresis. *TO Whom correspondence should b...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of antitumor activity The evaluation method was a modification of that reported previously (Takaya et al, 1994a;Sasaki et al, 1997) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tyrosinase Activity in Antitumor Compounds of Squid Ink.

Naraoka

Chung

Uchisawa

et al. 2000

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“…This richness water could be explained by the fact that male gonad and nidamental glands require high water needs to ensure their reproductive and proteolysis functions [12]. The richness of hepatopancreas water in males can be explained by a more intense metabolic activity of hepatic reflecting the rapid shift recognized in the male cephalopod compared to the female one [15]. Relative humidity is also important in the ink of fresh cuttlefish male and female respectively (61.66± 0.75 and 66.12±1.74%).These results agree with those found in fresh ink sepia officinalis (Gabes Gulf), where the percentage of relative humidity was 65.54% [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then we use a protein precipitation step in acetone -30°C 2 volumes overnight [15]. Subsequently, the supernatant is collected after centrifugation (2000 rpm) and lyophilized.…”

Section: Protein Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranien cuttlefish sepia officinalis squid ink is cytotoxic but does not inhibit Glioblastoma U87 tumor cells proliferation, with high nutritional values of edible viscera

Ellouz

Benmabrouk

Baroudi

et al. 2014

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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This study aims to identify nutritional values of some viscera's cuttlefish Sepia officinalis commonly edible in Tunisia (Nidamental gland, hepatopancreas, male gonad, squid ink) and to evaluate the role of cuttlefish ink, on viability and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells U87.Biochemical analysis shows that solid and liquid viscera are rich in water, in Protein and in total Ash. They contain less fat and Carbohydrates. Energy values are substantial. Sex and Cooking over low have no significant effect on these nutritional values. These results lead us to encourage the use of these marine co-products (generally rejected), not only for food but for prevent and reduce the incidence of certain diseases. In fact our results show also a cytotoxic effect of cuttlefish ink at increasing doses on human cells cancer Glioblastoma U87 for an incubation time of 5 hours with a concentration higher than 20μg/ml. The IC50 value is 25μg/ml which may be due to tyrosinase, responsible for the cephalopod ink toxic. Supernatant of cuttlefish ink Sepia offinalis does not block proliferation of cancer cells U87 during 4 days of incubation. Further analyses are warranted and necessary to substantiate and complete our findings such as the study of the effect of this ink in adhesion and migration of Glioblastoma cells U87.

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