“…A large body of knowledge reveals numerous students' alternative conceptions and learning difficulties for properties of condensation. This included a variety of topics, such as changes of phase (e.g., Chang 1999), evaporation and condensation (e.g., Lee et al 1993), conservation of matter during evaporation and condensation (e.g., Hatzinikita and Koulaidis 1997), changes of state associated with real life events like the weather (e.g., Henriques 2000), vapor pressure (e.g., Gopal et al 2004), conditions for changes of state (e.g., Paik et al 2004), conceptions of the nature of matter and its phases (e.g., Johnson 2005), student's conceptual progression in their understanding of phase changes (e.g., Varelas et al 2006), condensation in open systems (e.g., Paik et al 2004), condensation in closed systems (e.g., Coştu 2006), and finally condensation and heat transformations (e.g., Coştu 2002). This represents a substantial body of literature, and affords insights into common alternative conceptions and learning difficulties.…”