An Investigation of Polychrome Reliefs From Ptolemaic Ruins in Upper Egypt

Bakr, Amany; Mahmoud, Hussein Marey; Brania, Atef

doi:10.36868/ejmse.2019.04.04.205

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In some cases, small quantities of gypsum [20,29] or a mixture with huntite were identified [23]. This result also appeared when examining the preparation layer of the archaeological cartonnage found in Saqqara [24]. The results showed that this layer consisted of two layers: The first coarse ground layer consisted of a mixture of calcite and huntite, and the second or smooth layer consisted of white calcite only.…”

Section: Black Pigmentmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…(5) [19]. The XRF microanalysis analysis obtained on the under layer of blue pigment revealed that the color consisted of Cu, Ca, Si, and S. Silicon, calcium, and copper correlated with the existence of the cuprorivaite (Ca CuSi 4 O 10 ), which acted as the primary coloring agent of the synthetic calcium copper tetra silicate compound the main component of the Egyptian blue [24]. The Egyptian blue might be used under the colors to enhance their brilliance [12].…”

Section: Binding Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analytical Study of a Late Period Multi-Piece Cartonnage From the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Ali

Abdel-Ghani

Seif

2022

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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The poor conditions of storage in the basement of the Egyptian Museum were the reason for severe damage to an unknown multi-piece mummy cartonnage dating back to the Late Period . This mummy consists of five separated pieces (a mask, a pectoral, an apron, a stomach, and a foot) on canvas support topped by a ground layer decorated with green, yellow, red, black, and white colors and a gilded layer. All the pieces of the mummy cartonnage have damage in the form of separations, cracks, discoloration, tears, and brittleness in the layers of the canvas support. The research paper presents the result of an examination and analytical study for the layers' structure of the mummy cartonnage.Therefore, the Optical Microscope (LOM), visible light, Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), EDX, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and XRF Spectroscopy were used. The results showed that canvas support made of linen in the form of four layers of thin fiber was used in the mask, stomach, and apron pieces. In contrast, one layer of thick fiber canvas was used in other pieces (mask, foot, and pectoral). The ground layer consisted of calcium carbonate, traces of gypsum, and quartz. The painted layer included Egyptian green, malachite, hematite, goethite, goethite with orpiment, graphite, and under layer of Egyptian blue below the green, red, and yellow pigments in a unique technique, especially in the pectoral and foot pieces. It was also noted that animal glue was used in all pigments and colors as a binding medium.

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Section: Black Pigmentmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Binding Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Study of a Late Period Multi-Piece Cartonnage From the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Ali

Abdel-Ghani

Seif

2022

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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“…Micro‐Raman spectrometer (using a 785‐nm laser) was used to scan pigments on a cover of Ptolemaic wooden coffin at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo 8 . Pigment materials of Egyptian blue, red ochre and green earth were ascertained on painted wall reliefs from the temple of Ptolemy XII in Sohag, Upper Egypt 9 . In a recent contribution performed on a Ptolemaic cartonnage in the La Plata Museum (Argentina), significant alterations of the Egyptian blue pigment were reported by high‐resolution x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the chromatic palette used for mural paintings in a recently discovered Ptolemaic‐era tomb (Sohag, Upper Egypt): A multitechnique surface investigation

Mahmoud

El-yamin

2020

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In 2019, an exceptional Ptolemaic-era tomb was discovered in Al-Diabat archaeological site, Sohag, Upper Egypt. Numerous fallen painted fragments in the floor of tomb were collected and studied. The microstructural and chemical makeup of samples was discerned by virtue of a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with an energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometry. Further, the molecularvibrational property was acknowledged by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and micro-Raman (μ-Raman) spectrometers. Also, the crystalline structure of stone and plaster samples was defined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results have demonstrated that the murals were implemented on a thick mud plaster followed by a thin preparation layer, which, unusually, was made of calcite. Gypsum was also detected in variable quantity throughout the render samples. Colouring substances of Egyptian blue, green earth, red ochre, yellow ochre and carbon black were recognized in the studied murals. Besides, maghemite (γFe 2 O 3) was disclosed in the red pigment sample. Unexpectedly, gold was detected in the yellow paint areas, possibly associated with a religious tradition. As well, the recognition of an organic binder (probably egg yolk) nominates the application of tempera technique. Noteworthy, this research contributes in presenting significant findings on painting materials used in unusual rock-cut tomb from the Ptolemaic era.

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Multi-Analytical Characterization of an Ancient Cartonnage Fragment from the American University Excavations. A Case Study

Salim,

Abouseif

2023

Int J Conserv Sci

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Cartonnage is one of the most valuable cultural heritage artifacts that are submitted to several degradation mechanisms due to their composite structure, and sensitive nature. In this paper, scientific techniques were used to estimate a cartonnage fragment. The use of non-destructive procedures was carried out to investigate the multi layered structure of cartonnage. The procedures include a Digital microscope and SEM were used to identify the support layer structure, EDS microanalysis was able to detect and identify the ground layer, Raman spectroscopy used to analyze the color layer for pigments identification, also XRF microanalysis was used for the identification of color samples, for the yellow, red, green, and black colors, the results concluded orpiment, red ochre, Egyptian green, and carbon-based pigment were found in the chromatic layer.

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An Investigation of Polychrome Reliefs From Ptolemaic Ruins in Upper Egypt

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

An Analytical Study of a Late Period Multi-Piece Cartonnage From the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

An Analytical Study of a Late Period Multi-Piece Cartonnage From the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Unveiling the chromatic palette used for mural paintings in a recently discovered Ptolemaic‐era tomb (Sohag, Upper Egypt): A multitechnique surface investigation

Multi-Analytical Characterization of an Ancient Cartonnage Fragment from the American University Excavations. A Case Study

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