An Investigation of Influential Factors in the Long-Term Survival of Vernacular Architecture in the form of Cone-Shaped Dwelling: Case Studies of Kandovan and Goreme (Cappadocia)

Abstract

In recent years sustainability and sustainable development have become widely used terms in which the environmental, economic and social aspects go hand in hand in a holistic way to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Although there is widespread understanding of the physical and environmental challenges involved in creating settlements, there is still much to be learnt about what makes some communities succeed and others fail .The successful communities are considered as good examples for our understanding of the role played by social, environmental and economic factors in the success of settlements and how vital they are for the communities long term success and survival. . There are several examples of surviving communities and villages in various parts of the world, which have been inhabited for centuries in the form of rocky architecture. Understanding the factors that led to the survival of these villages will contribute to a practical understanding of what makes some communities succeed and others fail. This study tries to investigate the factors which have impacted on the long-term survival of some communities by focusing on two case studies of Kandovan in Iran, and Capadoccia in Turkey. Although Kandovan and Cappadocia (Gourme) have the same architectural features and structure; One of them (Kandovan) has been habitable continuously for centuries (over 40 generations), and the other has been abandoned since 19 centuries. Regarding to the similarities between environmental, economic, and architectural factors of two aforementioned villages, it can be concluded that the social dimension can be the key factor leading to communities succeed and survival. Literature ReviewThis section will introduce Rocky architecture, two case studies and their historical backgrounds and geographical features. Sustainable development will be introduced in this section, as well. Rocky ArchitectureTwo different type of cliff dwelling are classified by archeologists, the first type includes the cliff house which is actually built on the cliffs level, and second sort is Cavate, which is dug out and built into the cliff itself, thus making it became part of the natural setting. Rocky Architecture will be classified in the second type of cliff dwellings. Rocky architecture is indicative of the struggle between humans and the nature to make the maximum use of rocks and hills for human habitation (Gorji Mahlabani Yousef 2010 spring;Ghasemzadeh et al. 2013). Asadi (2008) defines Rocky Architecture as the type of structures that starts with carving a hole into a rocky surface and gradually expanding it to create various spaces to meet human needs, such as a house or a tomb (Asadi 2008). In contrast to normal building practices that use materials such brick, timber, concrete etc. Rocky Architecture utilizes the natural form of the rock and removing the materials of the rock to create habitable spaces. This type of architecture is more significant than co...

Augmented reality in architecture and construction education: state of the field and opportunities

“…Thematic analysis was used in order to analyse the collected data of this study since it is one of the commonly accepted data analysis techniques in qualitative studies (Boyatzis, 1998;Hajirasouli & Banihashemi, 2020;Hajirasouli et al, 2021;Miles et al, 2013). It is suggested that the thematic analysis enhances the reliability and rigour of a qualitative study utilising both inductive and deductive approaches in identifying codes and themes within the data (Hajirasouli, 2015). To confirm the consistency of the Hajirasouli and Banihashemi Int J Educ Technol High Educ (2022) 19:39 emerging codes, they were constantly compared with the data.…”