An Investigation of Goodman's Addictive Disorder Criteria in Eating Disorders

Speranza, Mario; Révah-Lévy, Anne; Giquel, Ludovic; Loas, Gwenolé; Vénisse, Jean-Luc; Jeammet, P.; Corcos, Maurice

doi:10.1002/erv.1140

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The group with BED also reported greater number and frequency of their binge episodes. Similar findings are provided by a study that applied the Goodman's criteria for SRD to the study of different subtypes of ED [50], comparing patients with restrictive AN, purgative AN, BN, SRD, and healthy controls. According to the results of the study, BN patients met the Goodman's criteria in the same proportion as the subjects with SRD (60 and 65%, respectively, compared with only 35% of patients with restrictive AN), in such a way that the concept of "food addiction" seems to be closely tied to binge and uncontrolled eating.…”

Section: Does Food Addiction Exist?supporting

confidence: 68%

Eating Disorders as New Forms of Addiction

Vaz-Leal¹,

Ramos-Fuentes²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Eating Disorders - A Paradigm of the Biopsychosocial Model of Illness

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Eating disorders (ED) seem to share many characteristics with substance-related disorders (SRD). As very often the two conditions run together, it has been proposed that eating dysfunctions could be understood as behavioral forms of addiction. This has lead to the concept of "food addiction," a proposed new form of addiction. This chapter reviews recent research focusing on the relationship between ED and SRD. Three specific areas are addressed: (a) animal models that suggest the association between substance dependence and compulsive overeating; (b) epidemiological studies that confirm the comorbidity between ED and SRD; and (c) neuroimaging studies that reveal the existence of modifications in the reward circuits following binge eating and other eating dysfunctions. The data from the different studies can be integrated into a model based on the consideration of "food addiction" as a specific form of behavioral addiction that could be applied at least to a group of patients suffering from eating disorders.

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Section: Does Food Addiction Exist?supporting

confidence: 68%

Eating Disorders as New Forms of Addiction

Vaz-Leal¹,

Ramos-Fuentes²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Eating Disorders - A Paradigm of the Biopsychosocial Model of Illness

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“…This proportion was significantly higher than those met by the AN-restricting (R-AN) group but not the AN-purging (P-AN) group. No significant correlation was found between impulsivity and addictive personality traits with an addictive ED [46]. Cassin and von Ranson (2007) similarly investigated the association between BED and addictive disorder.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical approach to the assessment and management of co-morbid eating disorders and substance use disorders

2013

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IntroductionResearch has shown that eating disorder (ED) patients who abuse substances demonstrate worse ED symptomatology and poorer outcomes than those with EDs alone, including increased general medical complications and psychopathology, longer recovery times, poorer functional outcomes and higher relapse rates. This article provides a broad overview of the prevalence, aetiology, assessment and management of co-morbid EDs and substance use disorders (SUDs).ReviewThe co-occurrence of EDs and SUDs is high. The functional relationship between EDs and SUDs vary within and across ED subtypes, depends on the class of substance, and needs to be carefully assessed for each patient. Substances such as caffeine, tobacco, insulin, thyroid medications, stimulants or over the counter medications (laxatives, diuretics) may be used to aid weight loss and/or provide energy, and alcohol or psychoactive substances could be used for emotional regulation or as part of a pattern of impulsive behaviour. A key message conveyed in the current literature is the importance of screening and assessment for co-morbid SUDs and EDs in patients presenting with either disorder. There is a paucity of treatment studies on the management of co-occurring EDs and SUDs. Overall, the literature indicates that the ED and SUD should be addressed simultaneously using a multi-disciplinary approach. The need for medical stabilization, hospitalization or inpatient treatment needs to be assessed based on general medical and psychiatric considerations. Common features across therapeutic interventions include psycho-education about the aetiological commonalities, risks and sequelae of concurrent ED behaviours and substance abuse, dietary education and planning, cognitive challenging of eating disordered attitudes and beliefs, building of skills and coping mechanisms, addressing obstacles to improvement and the prevention of relapse. Emphasis should be placed on building a collaborative therapeutic relationship and avoiding power struggles. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been frequently used in the treatment of co-morbid EDs and SUDs, however there are no randomized controlled trials. More recently evidence has been found for the efficacy of dialectical behavioural therapy in reducing both ED and substance use behaviours.ConclusionFuture research would benefit from a meta-analysis of the current research in order to better understand the relationships between these two commonly co-occurring disorders.

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“…The criteria proposed by Goodman (1990) to identify addictive disorder (Table 2) are found in AN patients. Indeed, Speranza et al (2012) showed that 35% of the restrictive AN subtype patients, 48% of the binge eating/purging AN subtype patients and 60% of the patients have substance-use disorders and hence, exhibit an addictive disorder according to Goodman’s criteria. From these criteria, an emerging hypothesis of AN implicates neurobiological mechanisms (and hence, investigation strategies for treatments and diagnostic markers) that are based on a reward deficit and on the recognition as an addictive behavior disorder (Alguacil et al, 2011).…”

Section: Physiological Alterations In Anorexia Nervosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin: Central and Peripheral Implications in Anorexia Nervosa

Méquinion¹,

Langlet²,

Zgheib³

et al. 2013

Front. Endocrinol.

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Increasing clinical and therapeutic interest in the neurobiology of eating disorders reflects their dramatic impact on health. Chronic food restriction resulting in severe weight loss is a major symptom described in restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, and they also suffer from metabolic disturbances, infertility, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Restrictive AN, mostly observed in young women, is the third largest cause of chronic illness in teenagers of industrialized countries. From a neurobiological perspective, AN-linked behaviors can be considered an adaptation that permits the endurance of reduced energy supply, involving central and/or peripheral reprograming. The severe weight loss observed in AN patients is accompanied by significant changes in hormones involved in energy balance, feeding behavior, and bone formation, all of which can be replicated in animals models. Increasing evidence suggests that AN could be an addictive behavior disorder, potentially linking defects in the reward mechanism with suppressed food intake, heightened physical activity, and mood disorder. Surprisingly, the plasma levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone that drives food-motivated behavior, are increased. This increase in plasma ghrelin levels seems paradoxical in light of the restrained eating adopted by AN patients, and may rather result from an adaptation to the disease. The aim of this review is to describe the role played by ghrelin in AN focusing on its central vs. peripheral actions. In AN patients and in rodent AN models, chronic food restriction induces profound alterations in the « ghrelin » signaling that leads to the development of inappropriate behaviors like hyperactivity or addiction to food starvation and therefore a greater depletion in energy reserves. The question of a transient insensitivity to ghrelin and/or a potential metabolic reprograming is discussed in regard of new clinical treatments currently investigated.

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An Investigation of Goodman's Addictive Disorder Criteria in Eating Disorders

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Eating Disorders as New Forms of Addiction

Eating Disorders as New Forms of Addiction

A clinical approach to the assessment and management of co-morbid eating disorders and substance use disorders

Ghrelin: Central and Peripheral Implications in Anorexia Nervosa

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