An investigation of gamma background radiation in Hamadan province, Iran

Abstract

The general population, everywhere in the world is exposed to a small dose of ionising radiation from natural sources. Stochastic effects such as cancer and genetic disorders are caused when living creatures are exposed to low doses. In Iran, it is measured in some cities, especially in high-background areas such as Ramsar, but so far there is no measurement in the Hamadan province. Hamadan is located in the west of Iran. Measurements were performed using a RDS-110 survey meter, CaSO(4):Dy thermoluminecense dosimetries (TLDs) and a Harshaw 4000 TLD reader. To estimate the dose rate outdoors, four stations along the main directions (north, south, west and east) and one in the town centre were selected. Mean annual X and gamma equivalent dose in Hamadan province are 1.12±0.22 and 1.66±0.07 mSv, which related to RDS-110 survey meter and TLDs measurements, respectively. The TLDs and RDS-110 results are representative of the external photon radiation doses for the selected monitoring locations and for those locations for the hours during which the measurements were taken, respectively. Maximum and minimum of external photon radiation doses are related to Hamadan and Kaboudar-Ahang towns, respectively. According to the results of the study, it seems that the annual X and gamma equivalent dose in Hamadan province exceeded the global mean external exposure amounts by the UNSCEAR, and further studies are needed to measure internal exposures to determine the total environmental radiation level in Hamadan province.

Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of SWCNT reinforced polymer/glass fiber fabric‐based nanocomposite containing different filler materials: A comparative study

“…This is because the higher weight/density (see Table 4) of magnetite restricts its movement and creates agglomerates and voids (see Figure 11), which aids penetration of γ‐rays. Moreover, these fluctuations can also be attributed to limitations owing to the accuracy of apparatuses and other sources of uncertainties like inhomogeneities of the specimens at various points, which is consistent with previously published experimental works 104,105 . It can be observed from Table 4 that the addition of SWCNTs significantly affects the LAC and MAC of specimens containing barite and magnetite.…”

“…Moreover, these fluctuations can also be attributed to limitations owing to the accuracy of apparatuses and other sources of uncertainties like inhomogeneities of the specimens at various points, which is consistent with previously published experimental works. 104,105 It can be observed from Table 4 that the addition of SWCNTs significantly affects the LAC and MAC of specimens containing barite and magnetite. For instance, the LAC of BSC-1 and BSC-2 is 0.45% and 2.25% lower than that of BREF, respectively; however, BSC-3 superseded the LAC of BREF by 3.15%.…”

Evaluating the Radioactive Waste Produced per Patient by Radiopharmaceutical Sources and Measuring the Radioactive Contamination of Surfaces and Staff at the Bushehr Nuclear Medicine Department

“…The wipe test technique has a test efficiency (E w ) of 10%. Ultimately, radioactive contamination was measured in Bq/cm 2 and III J Biomed Phys Eng compared to permissible limits as follows (1) [17]:…”

“…The direct method uses a portable detector, while the indirect method employs absorbent paper or a wipe test. Canada and the United States nuclear regulatory authorities require these direct and indirect tests to monitor and eradicate surface contamination, conducted in both Beyki and Rostampour's studies on the pollution of nuclear medical centers [6,16,17].…”