An Investigation of Aerodynamic Effects of Body Morphing for Passenger Cars in Close-Proximity

Good, Geoffrey Le; Resnick, Max; Boardman, Peter; Clough, Brian

doi:10.3390/fluids6020064

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The 𝑘 − 𝜀 turbulence model is applied in this CFD simulation because it is feasible for less computational cost and free-shear layer flows with relatively small pressure gradients. Le Good et al, [65], annotated that the 'Resnick model' is created to investigate airflow and aerodynamic of vehicles. This concept adopts of autonomous driving technologies and it is suitable for high-riding coupe/SUV style with full-scale car dimensions of length (L) = 267 mm, height (H) = 98 mm, and width (W) = 108 mm, as shown in Figure 11 [65].…”

Section: Production (Series) Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Le Good et al, [65], annotated that the 'Resnick model' is created to investigate airflow and aerodynamic of vehicles. This concept adopts of autonomous driving technologies and it is suitable for high-riding coupe/SUV style with full-scale car dimensions of length (L) = 267 mm, height (H) = 98 mm, and width (W) = 108 mm, as shown in Figure 11 [65]. The numerical value for the coefficient drag (𝐶 𝐷 ) is 0.27 with the inlet velocity of 40 m/s.…”

Section: Production (Series) Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques

Kamal

Ishak

Darlis

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

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The aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle play a vital role in steering stability, performance, comfort, and safety of a car. The fuel efficiency of a vehicle is determined by the performance of the internal combustion engine and the aerodynamic design of the body. One of the most important aspects of automobile design is aerodynamic styling. A vehicle with low drag resistance provides advantages in terms of cost and efficiency. This article will review design characteristics and implementation of various specific reference models on drag issues using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. The benefits and limitations of these models are analysed, and the validity of results in developing guidelines to improve the performance and stability of cars are described. This review paper covers significant studies that utilise the CFD model and simulation on a simplified vehicle model using various turbulence models to generate drag coefficient. Characteristics and impacts of various vehicle design models with and without external factors such as side mirrors and door handles are also discussed. Results obtained from the research focuses on the physics flow structures such as static pressure contours, are presented for the three types of car model geometry. The simplified generic models are more efficient and advocated to apply compared to the specific model geometry based on the result acquired by the latest studies. Simplified generic models are preferred due to their cost-effectiveness, procurement of optimum time, and better simulation effects. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the importance of having a car with suitable turbulence models that are appropriate to be applied for simulations in terms of its applicability, time effectiveness, and cost.

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Section: Production (Series) Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production (Series) Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques

Kamal

Ishak

Darlis

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For an individual vehicle within a platoon, its drag is influenced by its geometry and the geometries of those around it leading to optimisation studies for the ordering of vehicles in the platoon. The addition of active aerodynamic devices and body morphing to further enhance the drag reduction has also been investigated [10], but despite our rapidly developing understanding of the flow structures associated with vehicles in very close proximity, it is perhaps surprising to note that published data on long platoons of different vehicle types suggest that the overall energy saving of the platoon is not greatly affected by the ordering of vehicles [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For two-vehicle pairs, it has been reported that the effects of geometry and order have a significant effect on their individual and combined aerodynamic drag, so optimisation is essential [10]. Designs for further improving the efficiency of a vehicle pair have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Afterbody Geometry on Passenger Vehicles in Platoon

Ebrahim¹,

Dominy

2021

Energies

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It is well known that platoons of closely spaced passenger cars can reduce their aerodynamic drag yielding substantial savings in energy consumption and reduced emissions as a system. Most published research has focused on platoons of identical vehicles which can arguably be justified by some evidence that geometric variety has little to no effect on the overall flow characteristics in platoons of three vehicles or more. It is known that much of the aerodynamic benefit from platooning is gained by the leading two cars, so operating as vehicle pairs could potentially achieve similar environmental benefits whilst addressing many of the practical challenges associated with the safe operation of long platoons on public roads. However, it has been reported that unlike long platoons, the effect of geometry and arrangement is critical if the drag reduction of a pair is to be optimised. This paper describes a parametric study based on three geometric variants of the popular DrivAer model with different combinations and spacings. It is confirmed that vehicle geometry crucially affects the results with the best combinations matching those of long platoons and others creating a net drag increase.

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“…He then noted that at large spacings between x/L = 1 and 2 that the drag on the bodies become constant as they resumed a flow like that of the isolated body. Papers from Kim and Le Good [14,15] both used simplified bodies to investigate the aerodynamic impact on the geometry of the platoon members and its effects on the drag of the platoon. Also notable is the work that has been done on HVPs by the likes of Watts et al [2] who used CFD studies to analyze the interactions of tractor trailer platooning as well as the flow around surface mounted cubes in a tandem orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Numerical Investigation Framework for Ground Vehicle Platooning

Bounds

Rajasekar

Uddin

2021

Fluids

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This paper presents a study on the flow dynamics involving vehicle interactions. In order to do so, this study first explores aerodynamic prediction capabilities of popular turbulence models used in computational fluid dynamics simulations involving tandem objects and thus, ultimately presents a framework for CFD simulations of ground vehicle platooning using a realistic vehicle model, DrivAer. Considering the availability of experimental data, the simulation methodology is first developed using a tandem arrangement of surface-mounted cubes which requires an understanding on the role of turbulence models and the impacts of the associated turbulence model closure coefficients on the prediction veracity. It was observed that the prediction accuracy of the SST k−ω turbulence model can be significantly improved through the use of a combination of modified values for the closure coefficients. Additionally, the initial validation studies reveal the inability of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach to resolve the far wake, and its frailty in simulating tandem body interactions. The Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulations (IDDES) approach can resolve the wakes with a reasonable accuracy. The validated simulation methodology is then applied to the fastback DrivAer model at different longitudinal spacing. The results show that, as the longitudinal spacing is reduced, the trailing car’s drag is increased while the leading car’s drag is decreased which supports prior explanations of vortex impingement as the reason for drag changes. Additionally, unlike the case of platooning involving Ahmed bodies, the trailing model drag does not return to an isolated state value at a two car-length separation. However, the impact of the resolution of the far wake of a detailed DrivAer model, and its implication on the CFD characterization of vehicle interaction aerodynamics need further investigations.

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An Investigation of Aerodynamic Effects of Body Morphing for Passenger Cars in Close-Proximity

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques

A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques

The Effect of Afterbody Geometry on Passenger Vehicles in Platoon

Development of a Numerical Investigation Framework for Ground Vehicle Platooning

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