An investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and aging and choline acetyltransferase activity following a high level acute exposure to paraoxon

Chambers, Howard W.; Chambers, Janice E.

doi:10.1016/0048-3575(89)90003-5

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The brains of both control and treated rats were removed and immediately placed on ice for the determination of AChE and di!erent ATPases. The AChE was determined following the method of Ellman et al (1961) as modi"ed by Chambers and Chambers (1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Different ATPases by a Novel Phosphorothionate (RPR-II) in Rat Brain

Rahman

Siddiqui

Jamil

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Different ATPases by a Novel Phosphorothionate (RPR-II) in Rat Brain

Rahman

Siddiqui

Jamil

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Cholinesterase (ChE) determinations were done using the following combinations of inhibitors and substrates to investigate plasma enzymes: butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) iodide as a substrate and tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) as an inhibitor, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using acetylthiocholine (ATCh) iodide as a substrate and eserine sulfate as an inhibitor. All assays were a modification of the procedure described in Chambers and Chambers (1989), which is based on the spectrophotometric method of Ellman et al (1961). Protein concentration was determined by the method of Lowry et al (1951) for standardization.…”

Section: Plasma Cholinesterase Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos

Chambers

Boone

Davis

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Children can be exposed to pesticides from numerous residential sources such as carpet, house dust, toys and clothing from treated homes, and flea control remedies on pets. In the present studies, 48 pet dogs (24 in each of two studies) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus insecticide. Transferable insecticide residues were quantified on cotton gloves used to rub the dogs for 5 min and on cotton tee shirts worn by a child (Study 2 only). First morning urine samples were also obtained from adults and children in both studies for metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) quantification. Blood samples were obtained from treated dogs in Study 1 and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored. Transferable residues on gloves for all compounds were highest near the neck of the dogs and were lowest in areas most distant from the neck. Rubbing samples (over the collar) at two weeks post-collar application contained 447757 mg CP/glove while samples from the fur of the back contained 872 mg CP/glove. In Study 2, cotton tee shirts worn by children at 15 days post-collar application for 4 h showed CP levels of 134766 ng/g shirt. There were significant differences between adults and children in the levels of urinary metabolites with children generally having higher urinary levels of metabolites than adults (grand mean7SE; 11.671.1 and 7.970.74 ng/mg creatinine for children and adults, respectively, compared to 9.470.8 and 6.970.5 ng/mg creatinine before collar placement). Therefore, there was little evidence that the use of this flea collar contributed to enhanced CP exposure of either children or adults.

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“…Analytical-grade chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon were generous gifts from Dr. Howard Chambers, Mississippi State University, and were synthesized as previously described [4]. Analytical-grade 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol was a generous gift from DowElanco Chemical (Indianapolis, IN, USA).…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective toxicity of chlorpyrifos to several species of fish during an environmental exposure: Biochemical mechanisms

Carr

Chambers

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos is frequently used for termite control. A small pond near a construction site was contaminated with chlorpyrifos via runoff resulting in the death of several species of fish including largemouth bass, bluegill sunfish, and golden shiners, but not mosquitofish. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and aliesterases (AliE) was determined in the tissues of exposed fish and the presence of chlorpyrifos was confirmed in fish livers by analytical chemistry. Brain AChE was inhibited 87 to 93% in bass, bluegill, and shiners but only 73% in mosquitofish. Skeletal muscle AChE was inhibited 91 to 97% in bass, shiners, and mosquitofish but only 77% in bluegill. Liver AChE and AliE were inhibited greater than 90% in bass, shiners, and mosquitofish but in bluegill, the activities were inhibited only 86% and 77%, respectively. After 60 d, brain AChE activity in exposed mosquitofish was fully recovered, and liver AliE activity was recovered to about 50% of control values, but there was little recovery of skeletal muscle and liver AChE activities. The sensitivity of these enzymes to inhibition by chlorpyrifos-oxon was assessed by determination of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Mosquitofish brain and liver AChE and liver AliE were less sensitive to inhibition than the enzymes from the other species. In contrast, mosquitofish skeletal muscle AChE was more sensitive to inhibition compared to the other species. The lower inhibition of mosquitofish brain AChE and the lower in vitro sensitivity of mosquitofish brain AChE to inhibition by chlorpyrifos-oxon compared to the brain AChE of the other species suggest that the species difference in toxicity exhibited in this exposure resulted primarily from species differences in the sensitivity of brain AChE to inhibition by chlorpyrifos-oxon.

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An investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and aging and choline acetyltransferase activity following a high level acute exposure to paraoxon

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Different ATPases by a Novel Phosphorothionate (RPR-II) in Rat Brain

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Different ATPases by a Novel Phosphorothionate (RPR-II) in Rat Brain

Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos

Selective toxicity of chlorpyrifos to several species of fish during an environmental exposure: Biochemical mechanisms

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