An investigation of a single-stage red mud reducing roasting process with the cast iron and aluminate slag production

Anisonyan, K. G.; Kopyev, D. Yu.; Гончаров, К. В.; Садыхов, Г. Б.

doi:10.17580/nfm.2018.01.04

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An increase of the temperature from 1650 to 1750 °С results in increasing the CaO and Al2O3 content in slag (Table 3). At the same time, the SiO2 content in slag decreases, due to silicon reduction by Equations (10)- (13). The TiO2 content in slag increases at temperatures of 1650 to 1700 °С, which indicates that the formed of titanium carbide remains in slag phase.…”

Section: Reductive Smelting Of the Neutralized Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A high content of alkali in RM (up to 12% Na2O [9]) leads to furnace lining destruction caused by high RM reactivity during the melting process. Despite this fact, most studies are devoted to the pyrometallurgical processing of the initial RM [10][11][12], because the alkali present in RM significantly reduces its melting point and improves the separation of slag and metal [13,14]. However, from our point of view, it would be more practical to regenerate the alkali for recirculation by autoclave leaching of bauxite [15,16], since during the smelting of red mud with high sodium content, the alkali goes into the gas phase, and its further regeneration is very difficult [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reductive Smelting of Neutralized Red Mud for Iron Recovery and Produced Pig Iron for Heat-Resistant Castings

Valeev

Zinoveev

Kondratiev

et al. 2019

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemical and mineral composition of the red mud from the Ural Aluminum Plant were studied by XRF, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Experiments on reductive smelting of red mud were carried out in a range of temperatures (1650–1750 °C) to recover iron from the aluminum production waste with maximum efficiency. It was found that it is possible to obtain pig iron with a high content of titanium, phosphorus, and vanadium, and low sulfur content. The efficiency of iron recovery at 1750 °C was found to be around 98%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to assist in finding the optimal conditions for the process (e.g., carbon content, furnace temperature, slag liquidus temperature). It was also found that the pig iron phase obtained at 1650 to 1700 °C is not separated from the slag phase into ingot compared with the sample obtained at 1750 °C. Pig iron obtained at 1750 °C can be used to produce molds for the steel-casting equipment.

show abstract

Section: Reductive Smelting Of the Neutralized Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive Smelting of Neutralized Red Mud for Iron Recovery and Produced Pig Iron for Heat-Resistant Castings

Valeev

Zinoveev

Kondratiev

et al. 2019

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Na Figure 3 demonstrates that a high amount (>16 wt.%) of sodium carbonate addition led to the formation of Na2O•Al2O3 according to Reaction (13) without gehlenite formation. The authors in [46,47] showed that the formation of the sodium aluminate instead of gehlenite during roasting of red mud improved aluminum extraction by soda and carbonate leaching. However, Na2CO3 addition over 18 wt.% led to the formation of the sodium metasilicate according to Reaction (15).…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of the Influence Of K2co3 And Na2co3 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Zinoveev

Grudinsky

Zakunov

et al. 2019

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Red mud is a by-product of alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer method, which contains considerable amounts of valuable components such as iron, aluminum, titanium, and scandium. In this study, an approach was applied to extract iron, i.e., carbothermic reduction roasting of red mud with sodium and potassium carbonates followed by magnetic separation. The thermodynamic analysis of iron and iron-free components’ behavior during carbothermic reduction was carried out by HSC Chemistry 9.98 (Outotec, Pori, Finland) and FactSage 7.1 (Thermfact, Montreal, Canada; GTT-Technologies, Herzogenrath, Germany) software. The effects of the alkaline carbonates’ addition, as well as duration and temperature of roasting on the iron metallization degree, iron grains’ size, and magnetic separation process were investigated experimentally. The best conditions for the reduction roasting were found to be as follows: 22.01% of K2CO3 addition, 1250 °C, and 180 min of duration. As a generalization of the obtained data, the mechanism of alkaline carbonates’ influence on iron grain growth was proposed.

show abstract

“…To improve aluminum recovery, many authors proposed sintering red mud with Na 2 CO 3 and materials containing divalent earth alkali oxides (CaO, MgO, BaO) for conversion of aluminum from sodium aluminosilicates that are insoluble in alkaline solutions into water-soluble sodium aluminate NaAlO 2 , and for fixing silicon into barely soluble silicates (M 2 SiO 4 , where M is a divalent alkaline earth metal). The sintering process can be described according to the following reactions (3)-( 8) [37]: This method can be combined simultaneously with carbothermic reduction of iron to obtain cast iron at the temperature range of 1300-1450 • C [38,39] or an iron-containing concentrate at the range of 1000-1200 • C [40,41].…”

Section: Sintering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Valuable Elements from Red Mud with a Focus on Using Liquid Media—A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a by-product of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over 4.6 billion tons, including about 600 million tons in Russia. The total global storage of red mud occupies large areas, leading to environmental damage and increasing environmental risks. Moreover, it contains a significant amount of sodium, which is easily soluble in subsoil water; therefore, a sustainable approach for comprehensive recycling of red mud is necessary. The bauxite residue contains valuable elements, such as aluminum, titanium, and scandium, which can be recovered using liquid media. In recent years, many methods of recovery of these elements from this waste have been proposed. This paper provides a critical review of hydrometallurgical, solvometallurgical, and complex methods for the recovery of valuable components from red mud, namely, aluminum, titanium, sodium, and rare and rare-earth elements. These methods include leaching using alkaline or acid solutions, ionic liquids, and biological organisms, in addition to red mud leaching solutions by extraction and sorption methods. Advantages and disadvantages of these processes in terms of their environmental impact are discussed.

show abstract

An investigation of a single-stage red mud reducing roasting process with the cast iron and aluminate slag production

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Reductive Smelting of Neutralized Red Mud for Iron Recovery and Produced Pig Iron for Heat-Resistant Castings

Reductive Smelting of Neutralized Red Mud for Iron Recovery and Produced Pig Iron for Heat-Resistant Castings

Influence of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Reduction of Red Mud

Extraction of Valuable Elements from Red Mud with a Focus on Using Liquid Media—A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About