An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil

Joseph, Stephen; Arbestain, Marta Camps; Lin, Yuping; Munroe, Paul; Chia, Chee; Hook, James M.; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Kimber, Stephen; Cowie, Annette; Singh, Balwant; Lehmann, Johannes; Foidl, Nikolaus; Smernik, Ronald J.; Amonette, James E.

doi:10.1071/sr10009

Cited by 912 publications

(557 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…On the other hand, the values of FTIR spectra of SSHB (Table 3) showed the bands located at 3419, 2351, 1581, 1391 and 830 cm -1 , which correspond mainly to the presence of N-H, stretched O-H (hydroxyl), -NH (amine), asymmetric C-H, and aromatic C-C 2+ removal by SSHB may reflect dissimilarity in retention mechanisms followed by biochar and those pursued by feedstock and active carbon. According to the metal ion adsorption by surface-active materials, Cu 2+ removal can be achieved by electrostatic interaction with negatively charged surface functional groups (cation exchange), specific metal-ligand complexation involving surface functional groups of biosorbents, interactions between metals and aromatic C of biosorbents and/or physical sorption controlled by surface area and porosity (Biniak et al 1997;Joseph et al 2010;Uchimiya et al 2010). Significant changes in pH values were observed with the progress of removal reactions (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study

Saleh¹,

Elrefaey²,

Mahmoud³

2016

Soil Water Res.

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Saleh M.E., El-Refaey A.A., Mahmoud A.H. (2016): Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study. Soil & Water Res., 11: 53-63.Copper represents one of major hazardous pollutants in wastewater. The aim of this study is the comparison between sunflower seed husk biochar (SSHB) and activated carbon (AC) and sunflower seed husk feedstock (SSHF) in their efficiency of Cu 2+ removing from aqueous solutions. The removed Cu 2+ was monitored for various intervals extended to 96 h at 298, 303, and 308 K in batch experiments. Adsorption reactions showed that SSHB was superior in Cu 2+ removal process at all tested temperatures in comparison with AC and SSHF. Results of surface properties and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the higher surface reactivity of SSHB than AC and SSHF. Both SSHF and AC were affected by time and temperature of reaction in their removal efficiency for Cu 2+ while SSHB was not affected by these parameters. A deformation observable under a scanning electron microscope and a higher release of dissolved organic carbon from SSHF after the reaction with Cu 2+ and vice versa in SSHB suggested the electrostatic ion exchange and complex reactions mechanisms for Cu 2+ removal by SSHF in addition to the physical sorption controlled by surface area and porosity of SSHB. The adsorption kinetics of Cu 2+ was fitted to pseudo second order equation and obtained results indicate that SSHB is a recalcitrant and a strong biosorbent. Therefore, SSHB can be introduced as a cost-effective and efficient biosorbent for copper removal from wastewaters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study

Saleh¹,

Elrefaey²,

Mahmoud³

2016

Soil Water Res.

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“…There is growing recognition that unless biophysical drivers are explicitly considered, we will not be able to estimate the consequences of land-use changes on soil C stocks (15) or predict the effects of management decisions, such as biochar amendment, to increase carbon sequestration (16). Precipitation strongly influences plant production, fluxes of soil C pools, and ultimately total soil C stocks and residence time (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic bias of field observations of soil carbon stocks with tropical land-use changes precludes spatial extrapolation

Powers¹,

Corre

Twine

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

249

191

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Accurately quantifying changes in soil carbon (C) stocks with landuse change is important for estimating the anthropogenic fluxes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and for implementing policies such as REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) that provide financial incentives to reduce carbon dioxide fluxes from deforestation and land degradation. Despite hundreds of field studies and at least a dozen literature reviews, there is still considerable disagreement on the direction and magnitude of changes in soil C stocks with land-use change. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that quantified changes in soil C stocks with land use in the tropics. Conversion from one land use to another caused significant increases or decreases in soil C stocks for 8 of the 14 transitions examined. For the three land-use transitions with sufficient observations, both the direction and magnitude of the change in soil C pools depended strongly on biophysical factors of mean annual precipitation and dominant soil clay mineralogy. When we compared the distribution of biophysical conditions of the field observations to the area-weighted distribution of those factors in the tropics as a whole or the tropical lands that have undergone conversion, we found that field observations are highly unrepresentative of most tropical landscapes. Because of this geographic bias we strongly caution against extrapolating average values of land-cover change effects on soil C stocks, such as those generated through meta-analysis and literature reviews, to regions that differ in biophysical conditions.

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“…Differential response to PTs showed that at low PT (<400ºC) BCs favour greater recovery of C and other nutrients (both macro and micro) compared with high PT (>400°C) BCs because these nutrients are increasingly lost at higher PTs. In addition, low PT BCs have faster and greater soil activity, and thus contribute more to soil fertility (Joseph et al, 2010).…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop response to soils amended with biochar: expected benefits and unintended risks

et al. 2017

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Biochar (BC) from biomass waste pyrolysis has been widely studied due to its ability to increase carbon sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance both crop growth and soil quality. This review summarises the current knowledge of BC production, characterisation, and types, with a focus on its positive effects on crop yield and soil properties vs the unintended risks associated with these effects. Biochar-amended soils enhance crop growth and yield via several mechanisms: expanded plant nutrient and water availability through increased use efficiencies, improved soil quality, and suppression of soil and plant diseases. Yield response to BC has been shown to be more evident in acidic and sandy soils than in alkaline and fine-textured soils. Biochar composition and properties vary considerably with feedstock and pyrolysis conditions so much that its concentrations of toxic compounds and heavy metals can negatively impact crop and soil health. Consequently, more small-scale and greenhouse-sited studies are in process to investigate the role of BC/soil/crop types on crop growth, and the mechanisms by which they influence crop yield. Similarly, a need exists for long-term, field-scale studies on the effects (beneficial and harmful) of BC amendment on soil health and crop yields, so that production guidelines and quality standards may be developed for BCs derived from a range of feedstocks.

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An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil

Cited by 912 publications

References 64 publications

Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study

Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study

Geographic bias of field observations of soil carbon stocks with tropical land-use changes precludes spatial extrapolation

Crop response to soils amended with biochar: expected benefits and unintended risks

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