An inventory of the most popular medicinal barks sold on Johannesburg muthi markets and the antimicrobial activity of selected extracts and isolated chemical compounds

Khumalo, G.P.; Sadgrove, Nicholas J.; Vuuren, S.F. Van; Wyk, B.‐E. Van

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.054

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Of the ca. 70 medicinal barks that are commonly sold at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets [23], 31 species belonging to 19 families are used against dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections. The leading families of the selected 31 species are Fabaceae (37%), Anacardiaceae (16%), Lauraceae (16%), and Celastraceae (10%).…”

Section: Muthi Market Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also an active trade of animal products at the Faraday market such as snake and crocodile skin, and bones of carnivorous animals including lion, leopard, and different kinds of birds. These are usually sold as finely powdered material in very small amounts (teaspoon) and incorporated in plant mixtures to enhance the healing effect [23]. Purchasing of plant products from informal markets is a common day-to-day activity among the southern African population.…”

Section: The Faraday Muthi Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Johannesburg, the two major trading centers for traditional medicine are the Kwa Mai Mai (14 Berea Rd, City and Suburban, Johannesburg, 2094, South Africa) and Faraday (Salisbury Claims, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa) Muthi Markets [22]. Visitors to the markets consult with a medical herbalist and receive recommendations [23]. They may also have been sent to the markets by a sangoma, a spiritual healer that uses divinatory methods, or an inyanga, a sophisticated herbalist that communicates with their deceased ancestors before making herbal prescriptions [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

et al. 2021

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Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

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Section: Muthi Market Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Faraday Muthi Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

et al. 2021

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“…The water and ethanol extracts exhibited activities against tested pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.1 mg/ml to >12.5 mg/ml (Buwa, 2006;Buwa and van Staden, 2006). (Khumalo, 2018) evaluated the antibacterial activities of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of B. lucens bark against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11175, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29121, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290 using the micro-titre plate technique with cipro loxacin as a positive control. The extracts exhibited activities with MIC values ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 2.0 mg/ml in comparison to MIC values of 0.02 µg/ml to 0.07 µg/ml exhibited by the positive control (Khumalo, 2018).…”

Section: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties Of Bersama Lucensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Khumalo, 2018) evaluated the antibacterial activities of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of B. lucens bark against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11175, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29121, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290 using the micro-titre plate technique with cipro loxacin as a positive control. The extracts exhibited activities with MIC values ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 2.0 mg/ml in comparison to MIC values of 0.02 µg/ml to 0.07 µg/ml exhibited by the positive control (Khumalo, 2018). (Buwa, 2006;Buwa and van Staden, 2006) evaluated the antifungal activities of water, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of B. lucens bark against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 using the microplate method with neomycin as a positive control.…”

Section: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties Of Bersama Lucensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Bersama lucens (Hochst.) Szyszyl.

Maroyi

2020

ijrps

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Bersama lucens (Hochst.) Szyszyl is a shrub or small tree with its different parts used traditionally to treat various diseases. Bersama lucens has been recorded in Eswatini, Mozambique and South Africa. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of B. lucens. The information presented in this study was gathered using various databases such as PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Springer, NCBI, Google scholar and Science direct, and review of books, journal articles and other scientific publications kept in the University library. The bark and root infusion or decoction of B. lucens are mainly used as a blood purifier, lice repellent and protective charm, and traditional medicine for stomach problems, leprosy, stroke, sexually transmitted infections, headache, infertility, nervous disorders, impotence and menstrual pain. The biological activities exhibited by B. lucens extracts include antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Documentation of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of B. lucens is vital as this information provides baseline data required for future research and development of health-promoting and pharmaceutical products. Future research should focus on detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological screening, in vivo studies and clinical trials involving the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species.

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Leaf extracts of eight selected southern African medicinal plants modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Khumalo,

Loa-Kum-Cheung,

Van Wyk

et al. 2024

Inflammopharmacol

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This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of extracts prepared from the leaves of eight southern African medicinal plants used traditionally to treat inflammation and pain. The inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated and unstimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 release were determined using cytokine multiplex-bead assays. The ethanol extracts of Melianthus comosus Vahl (commonly known as honey flower), Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (misty plume bush) and Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov. (pepper-bark tree), demonstrated the most significant inhibitory activity, with over 50-fold inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The aqueous extract of M. comosus also significantly inhibited the secretion of all the tested cytokines and chemokines. Phytochemical investigation of M. comosus ethanol leaf extract using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) led to the detection of crassolide, deoxylimonoic acid D-ring-lactone, 2-hydroxynonanoic acid and 5-noniloxytryptamine. To the best of our knowledge, the cytokine inhibition properties of most of the medicinal plants screened in this study are reported for the first time. Our results support the use of southern African medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory remedies and provide an insight into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of action.

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An inventory of the most popular medicinal barks sold on Johannesburg muthi markets and the antimicrobial activity of selected extracts and isolated chemical compounds

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Evaluation of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Bersama lucens (Hochst.) Szyszyl.

Leaf extracts of eight selected southern African medicinal plants modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

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