An introgressed wing pattern acts as a mating cue

Sánchez, Angela P; Pardo‐Díaz, Carolina; Enciso‐Romero, Juan; Muñoz, Astrid G; Jiggins, Chris D.; Salazar, Camilo; Linares, Mauricio

doi:10.1111/evo.12679

Cited by 29 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…cydno (Mantel's test: R 2 = 0.64; p = .001) and H. erato – H. e. chestertonii (Mantel's test: R 2 = .51; p = .007) comparisons, but not in H. timareta – H. cydno and H. erato – H. himera comparisons. This is consistent with crosses showing that the former and not the latter pairs experience hybrid sterility and Haldane's rule (McMillan et al., ; Merrill et al., ; Muñoz et al., ; Naisbit et al., ; Salazar et al., ; Sánchez et al., ) and also agrees with the previous observation of reduced shared variation between H. melpomene and both H. timareta and H. cydno on the Z chromosome (Martin et al., ). Note that our simulations suggest that to explain the trend observed in our data, there must be a very strong reduction in migration on the Z chromosome relative to the autosomes (~60% or greater).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Using the absolute divergence on the autosomes as a proxy for gene flow, we find a pattern of increased Z/A divergence ratios for species pairs with known postzygotic reproductive barriers (Figure 9). Z/A divergence ratios are signifi- Merrill et al, 2012;Muñoz et al, 2010;Naisbit et al, 2002;Salazar et al, 2005;S anchez et al, 2015) and also agrees with the previous observation of reduced shared variation between H. melpomene and both H. timareta and H. cydno on the Z chromosome .…”

Section: Sex-linked Incompatibilities Increase Z/a Absolute Divergesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We considered pairs of populations that split between 1 and 2 million generations ago (colours) and were connected through migration (m) ranging from 0 to 1e-6 and for which migration was reduced with a factor d on the Z chromosome (size of circles). Population size (N e ) was equal to 2e6 and 1.5e6 for the autosomes and Z chromosome, respectively [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] these cases (Jiggins, Linares, et al, 2001;Naisbit et al, 2002;Salazar et al, 2005;S anchez et al, 2015). Successfully disentangling the influence of a large-X effect and faster-X evolution on relative rates of divergence will require modelling of the demographic history of each population, including changes that may have occurred before the split of the populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Z chromosome divergence among Heliconius species highlight the importance of historical demography

et al. 2018

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Sex chromosomes are disproportionately involved in reproductive isolation and adaptation. In support of such a ‘large-X’ effect, genome scans between recently diverged populations or species pairs often identify distinct patterns of divergence on the sex chromosome compared to autosomes. When measures of divergence between populations are higher on the sex chromosome compared to autosomes, such patterns could be interpreted as evidence for faster divergence on the sex chromosome, i.e. ‘faster-X’, or barriers to gene flow on the sex chromosome. However, demographic changes can strongly skew divergence estimates and are not always taken into consideration. We used 224 whole genome sequences representing 36 populations from two Heliconius butterfly clades (H. erato and H. melpomene) to explore patterns of Z chromosome divergence. We show that increased divergence compared to equilibrium expectations can in many cases be explained by demographic change. Among Heliconius erato populations, for instance, population size increase in the ancestral population can explain increased absolute divergence measures on the Z chromosome compared to the autosomes, as a result of increased ancestral Z chromosome genetic diversity. Nonetheless, we do identify increased divergence on the Z chromosome relative to the autosomes in parapatric or sympatric species comparisons that imply post-zygotic reproductive barriers. Using simulations, we show that this is consistent with reduced gene flow on the Z chromosome, perhaps due to greater accumulation of incompatibilities. Our work demonstrates the importance of taking demography into account in order to interpret patterns of divergence on the Z chromosome, but nonetheless provides evidence to support the Z chromosome as a strong barrier to gene flow in incipient Heliconius butterfly species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Sex-linked Incompatibilities Increase Z/a Absolute Divergesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Z chromosome divergence among Heliconius species highlight the importance of historical demography

et al. 2018

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“…While mel is found throughout much of South and Central America, cyd is largely restricted to the west of the Andes and the inter-Andean valleys, where it overlaps with the western populations of mel, whereas tim occurs only on the eastern slopes of the Andes, where it co-occurs with the eastern populations of mel. In addition to strong assortative mating based on chemical cues and wing patterns in the case of cyd and mel [27][28][29][30], and mainly chemical cues between mel and tim [29,31,32], both species pairs show ecological differences as well as partial hybrid sterility [29,30,[33][34][35][36][37] (and see [29] for a review). Nevertheless, previous studies have revealed surprisingly pervasive admixture between these species in sympatry, most likely explained by a low rate of ongoing hybridisation over an extended period of time [1,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination rate variation shapes barriers to introgression across butterfly genomes

Martin

Davey

Salazar

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Hybridisation and introgression can dramatically alter the relationships among groups of species, leading to phylogenetic discordance across the genome and between populations. Introgression can also erode species differences over time, but selection against introgression at certain loci acts to maintain post-mating species barriers. Theory predicts that species barriers made up of many loci throughout the genome should lead to a broad correlation between introgression and recombination rate, which determines the extent to which selection on deleterious foreign alleles will affect neutral alleles at physically linked loci. Here we describe the variation in genealogical relationships across the genome among three species of Heliconius butterflies: H. melpomene, H. cydno and H. timareta, using whole genomes of 92 individuals, and ask whether this variation can be explained by heterogeneous barriers to introgression. We find that species relationships vary predictably at the chromosomal scale. By quantifying recombination rate and admixture proportions, we then show that rates of introgression are predicted by variation in recombination rate. This implies that species barriers are highly polygenic, with selection acting against introgressed alleles across most of the genome. In addition, long chromosomes, which have lower recombination rates, produce stronger barriers on average than short chromosomes. Finally, we find a consistent difference between two species pairs on either side of the Andes, which suggests differences in the architecture of the species barriers. Our findings illustrate how the combined effects of hybridisation, recombination and natural selection, acting at multitudes of loci over long periods, can dramatically sculpt the phylogenetic relationships among species.

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“…It has long been suggested that male pheromones play a role in pre-mating barriers in Heliconius butterflies. Male H. timareta florencia and H. melpomene malleti, closely related co-mimics, court female wing models of both species equally, but interspecific mating is rare (Giraldo et al, 2008;Sánchez et al, 2015;Mérot et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male pheromone composition depends on larval but not adult diet in Heliconius melpomene

Darragh

Byers

Merrill

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Condition-dependent traits can act as honest signals of mate quality, with fitter individuals able to display preferred phenotypes. Nutrition is known to be an important determinant of individual condition, with diet known to affect many secondary sexual traits. In Heliconius butterflies, male chemical signalling plays an important role in female mate choice. Heliconius pheromones are sexually dimorphic, found only in mature males, but it is unclear what information they convey to the female. Here, we manipulate both the larval and adult diet of male Heliconius melpomene rosina to test for environmental effects on wing and genital pheromone production. We find no evidence that adult pollen consumption affects pheromone production in the first ten days after eclosion. We also find strong overlap in the chemical profiles of individuals reared on different larval host plants. However, individual compounds were found in different amounts between host plant treatments. Further electrophysiological and behavioural . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx

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An introgressed wing pattern acts as a mating cue

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Patterns of Z chromosome divergence among Heliconius species highlight the importance of historical demography

Patterns of Z chromosome divergence among Heliconius species highlight the importance of historical demography

Recombination rate variation shapes barriers to introgression across butterfly genomes

Male pheromone composition depends on larval but not adult diet in Heliconius melpomene

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