An Introductory Chapter: Secondary Metabolites

Thirumurugan, D.; Cholarajan, Alagappan; Raja, S.; Vijayakumar, R.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.79766

Cited by 119 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These phytochemicals possess a wide array of biological activities and confer plants the ability to survive under adverse environmental conditions. Plant secondary metabolites have been widely utilized, particularly in pharmaceutical, for the production of antibiotics, immuno-modulators and antitumor drugs [ 1 ]. Secondary metabolites found within plants can be grouped into 5 major groups, namely non-ribosomal polypeptides, fatty acid-derived compounds and polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids as well as enzyme cofactor [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects

Yeow

Chew

Subramaniam

2020

Biotechnology Reports

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Highlights First report that demonstrates in-vitro protocorm-like-body (PLB) cultures habituation towards illumination source. Discovery of several anticancer bioactive compounds in PLB. High intensity (16.9 μmol/s) green light supplementation promotes the accumulation of total phenolic content. PLB serves as excellent source for the acquisition of anticancer phytochemicals due to its high proliferation capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects

Yeow

Chew

Subramaniam

2020

Biotechnology Reports

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show abstract

“…However, these resistance markers almost are secondary metabolites produced by plants that help fight against various stresses in nature ( Tiwari and Rana, 2015 ). At present, there are more than 2,140,000 known secondary metabolites produced in the plant kingdom ( Thirumurugan et al, 2018 ). Plants generally open a series of secondary metabolic pathways under stress, among which the phenylalanine metabolic pathway that produces flavonoids, lignin, alkaloids, and other resistant substances is the most important ( Dixon et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Profile of Xylem Sap in Cotton Seedlings Is Changed by K Deficiency

et al. 2020

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Xylem sap, belonging to the plant apoplast, not only provides plant tissues with inorganic and organic substances but also facilitates communication between the roots and the leaves and coordinates their development. This study investigated the effects of potassium (K) deficiency on the morphology and the physiology of cotton seedlings as well as pH, mineral nutrient contents, and metabolites of xylem sap. In particular, we compared changes in root–shoot communication under low K (LK) and normal K (NK, control) levels. Compared to control, LK stress significantly decreased seedling biomass (leaf, stem, and root dry weight; stem and root length; root surface area and root volume) and the levels of K, Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), and Zn (zinc) in xylem sap. A total of 82 metabolites in sap analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) showed significant differences between the two conditions; among these, 38 were up-regulated more than 2-fold, while the others were down-regulated less than 0.5-fold. In particular, several metabolites found in the cell membrane including three cholines (glycerophosphatecholine, 2-hexenylcholine, and caproylcholine) and desglucocoroloside and others such as malondialdehyde, α-amino acids and derivatives, sucrose, and sugar alcohol significantly increased under LK stress, indicating that cell membranes were damaged and protein metabolism was abnormal. It is worth noting that glycerophosphocholine was up-regulated 29-fold under LK stress, indicating that it can be used as an important signal of root–shoot communication. Furthermore, in pathway analyses, 26 metabolites were matched to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; L-aspartic acid, which was associated with 10 KEGG pathways, was the most involved metabolite. Overall, K deficiency reduced the antioxidant capacity of cotton seedlings and led to a metabolic disorder including elevated levels of primary metabolites and inhibited production of secondary metabolites. This eventually resulted in decreased biomass of cotton seedlings under LK stress. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on targeted metabolites and signal substances in the xylem sap of cotton plants exposed to K deficiency.

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“…Plant bioactive compounds are natural non-nutritive components of plant food biosynthesized as secondary metabolites [ 5 ]. They can provide essential benefits or undesirable effects on humans or animals and are found in small concentrations but are economically significant [ 57 ]. Plant bio-actives are usually identified in plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and non-food plants such as herbs, spices, aromatics, and, sometimes, in plant waste materials from factories.…”

Section: Sfe In Plant Bioactive Compounds Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plant Materials

2020

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In this review, recent advances in greener technology for extracting natural bioactive components from plant origin sources are discussed. Bioactive compounds of plant origin have been defined as natural chemical compounds present in small amounts in plants. Researchers have shown interest in extracting bioactive compounds because of their human health benefits and characteristics of being eco-friendly and generally recognized as safe. Various new extraction methods and conventional extraction methods have been developed, however, until now, no unique approach has been presented as a benchmark for extracting natural bioactive compounds from plants. The selectivity and productivity of traditional and modern extraction techniques generally depend on selecting the critical input parameters, knowing the nature of plant-based samples, the structure of bioactive compounds, and good scientific skills. This work aims to discuss the recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction techniques, especially supercritical carbon dioxide, along with the fundamental principles for extracting bioactive compounds from natural plant materials such as herbs, spices, aromatic and medicinal plants.

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An Introductory Chapter: Secondary Metabolites

Cited by 119 publications

References 59 publications

Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects

Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects

Metabolite Profile of Xylem Sap in Cotton Seedlings Is Changed by K Deficiency

Recent Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plant Materials

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