An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct

Flower, William Henry; Lydekker, Richard

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.100791

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Bravard (1850) considered Plesiarctomys to be very close to Arctomys. Gervais (1852aGervais ( , 1852bGervais ( , and 1853, Pictet (1853), Giebel (1855a and b), Bronn (1856), Alston (1876), Nicholson and Lydekker (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Riitimeyer (1891), Major (1893), and Deperet (1908) all agree with this, placing either Plesiarctomys or Paramys or both in the Sciuridae, and often in the same subfamily as Arctomys. There is certainly a striking similarity between these forms in the dentition, and there is no question but that the squirrels have retained the most primitive dental pattern to be found in living members of the order.…”

Section: History Of Paramyid Classificationsupporting

confidence: 55%

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The Early Tertiary Rodents of the Family Paramyidae

Wood¹

1962

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society

158

189

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Section: History Of Paramyid Classificationsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…There are a sufficiently small number of well-preserved paramyid hands, however, so that its absence elsewhere in the family could readily be accidental. It looks rather like the radial sesamoid in Castor (Flower, 1876: fig. 91), although it seems to have been more proximally placed.…”

Section: Pseudotomus Copementioning

confidence: 94%

The Early Tertiary Rodents of the Family Paramyidae

Wood¹

1962

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society

158

189

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“…This is concordant with Howell [4] for the genus Jaculus , whereas Beddard [12] and Lull [3] reported the posterior six to be fused in Dipus . Flower and Lydekker [2] reported all the cervical vertebrae in Dipus , Alactaga [sic], and Platycercomys (now Pygeretmus ) to be “more or less ankylosed.” Indeed our investigation of several available related taxa (Table S1) indicates varying degrees of fusion with a subset of vertebrae fully fused, as in J. jaculus , or tightly articulated with thin fissures between vertebrae as in Salpingotus thomasi and Allactaga tetradactyla . In Sicista there are seven unfused cervical vertebrae, and only C2, the axis, has a prominent neural spine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of jerboa anatomy have been largely limited to dissections of a few species and casual observations of captive individuals prior to the 1940s [2–5]. Even at that time, the morphological characters associated with bipedal saltation in the jerboas were noted as similar to those associated with cursorial locomotion in more familiar and better-studied quadrupedal ungulates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Phylogenetically Distinct Events Shaped the Evolution of Limb Skeletal Morphologies Associated with Bipedalism in the Jerboas

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Recent rapid advances in experimental biology have expanded the opportunity for interdisciplinary investigations of the evolution of form and function in non-traditional model species. However, historical divisions of philosophy and methodology between evolutionary/organismal biologists and developmental geneticists often preclude an effective merging of disciplines. In an effort to overcome these divisions, we take advantage of the extraordinary morphological diversity of the rodent superfamily Dipodoidea, including the bipedal jerboas, to experimentally study the developmental mechanisms and biomechanical performance of a remarkably divergent limb structure. Here, we place multiple limb character states in a locomotor and phylogenetic context. While obligate bipedalism arose once in the ancestor of extant jerboas, we find that digit loss, metatarsal fusion, between limb proportions, and within hindlimb proportions all evolved independently of one another. Digit loss occurred three times through at least two distinct developmental mechanisms, and elongation of the hindlimb relative to the forelimb is not simply due to growth mechanisms that change proportions within the hindlimb. Furthermore, we find strong evidence for punctuated evolution of allometric scaling of hindlimb elements during the radiation of Dipodoidea. Our work demonstrates the value of leveraging the evolutionary history of a clade to establish criteria for identifying the developmental genetic mechanisms of morphological diversification.

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“…( c , d ) Asymmetry within the Cetacea (c, c ′). The tusks of the male narwhal ( M. monoceros , after Flower and Lydekker, ) exhibit notable DA (green arrowhead) wherein the left tusk (bottom) typically extends significantly forward while the right remains vestigial. Occasionally both tusks develop (top), though the chirality of both tusks is identical and not enantiomorphic.…”

Section: Adaptive Asymmetry Of the Skull And Associated Soft Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left–right asymmetry of the gnathostome skull: Its evolutionary, developmental, and functional aspects

Compagnucci

Fish

Depew

2014

Genesis

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Summary: Much of the gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) evolutionary radiation was dependent on the ability to sense and interpret the environment and subsequently act upon this information through utilization of a specialized mode of feeding involving the jaws. While the gnathostome skull, reflective of the vertebrate ba€ uplan, typically is bilaterally symmetric with right (dextral) and left (sinistral) halves essentially representing mirror images along the midline, both adaptive and abnormal asymmetries have appeared. Herein we provide a basic primer on studies of the asymmetric development of the gnathostome skull, touching briefly on asymmetry as a field of study, then describing the nature of cranial development and finally underscoring evolutionary and functional aspects of left-right asymmetric cephalic development. genesis 52:515-527, 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

The Early Tertiary Rodents of the Family Paramyidae

The Early Tertiary Rodents of the Family Paramyidae

Multiple Phylogenetically Distinct Events Shaped the Evolution of Limb Skeletal Morphologies Associated with Bipedalism in the Jerboas

Left–right asymmetry of the gnathostome skull: Its evolutionary, developmental, and functional aspects

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