An introduction to the special issue: Oxyrrhis marina, a model organism?

Montagnes, David J. S.; Lowe, Christopher D.; Roberts, Edward; Breckels, Mark N.; Boakes, Daniel E.; Davidson, Keith; Keeling, Patrick J.; Slamovits, Claudio H.; Steinke, Michael; Yang, Zhou; Watts, Phillip C.

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbq121

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Whereas the model of Anderson et al [] was parameterized and tuned for a multicellular heterotroph, we develop and test our model on the microzooplankton Oxyrrhis marina . Microzooplankton are the dominant consumers of phytoplankton across the worlds' oceans [ Calbet and Landry , ], and O. marina is increasingly used as a model organism to represent this functional group [ Montagnes et al , ]. The model assumes that the carbon and nitrogen content of ingested prey directly influences the composition of internal reserve material of a typical microzooplankton.…”

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large variation in C:N for the large size class (Figures and b) has been observed for a reasonably wide range of larger eukaryotes subjected to nutrient limitation [ Caperon and Meyer , ; Laws and Wong , ; Laws and Bannister , ; Sakshaug et al , ]. The dinoflagellate O. marina is predominately found in coastal environments [ Montagnes et al , ], and our model would benefit from data describing C:N ratios of microzooplankton that dominate in open ocean environments. Larger, multicellular zooplankton at high lattitude accumulate large lipid stores leading to relatively high C:N ratios [ Forest et al , ].…”

Section: Caveats and Future Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microzooplankton regulation of surface ocean POC:PON ratios

Talmy

Martiny

Hill

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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The elemental composition of particulate organic matter in the surface ocean significantly affects the efficiency of the ocean's store of carbon. Though the elemental composition of primary producers is an important factor, recent observations from the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed that carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios (C:N) of phytoplankton were significantly higher than the relatively homeostatic ratio of the total particulate pool (particulate organic carbon:particulate organic nitrogen; POC:PON). Here we use an idealized ecosystem model to show how interactions between primary and secondary producers maintain the mean composition of surface particulates and the difference between primary producers and bulk material. Idealized physiological models of phytoplankton and microzooplankton, constrained by laboratory data, reveal contrasting autotrophic and heterotrophic responses to nitrogen limitation: under nitrogen limitation, phytoplankton accumulate carbon in carbohydrates and lipids while microzooplankton deplete internal C reserves to fuel respiration. Global ecosystem simulations yield hypothetical global distributions of phytoplankton and microzooplankton C:N ratio predicting elevated phytoplankton C:N ratios in the high‐light, low‐nutrient regions of the ocean despite a lower, homeostatic POC:PON ratio due to respiration of excess carbon in systems subject to top‐down control. The model qualitatively captures and provides a simple interpretation for, a global compilation of surface ocean POC:PON data.

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Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caveats and Future Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microzooplankton regulation of surface ocean POC:PON ratios

Talmy

Martiny

Hill

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Favella sp. fulfill a number of requirements that have been proposed as prerequisite for a model species including its general biological relevance, the fact that it is relatively easy to culture, and its usefulness for interdisciplinary study (Montagnes et al ., ).…”

Section: Purpose Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Connecting alveolate cell biology with trophic ecology in the marine plankton using the ciliateFavellaas a model

Echevarria

Wolfe

Strom

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Planktonic alveolates (ciliates and dinoflagellates), key trophic links in marine planktonic communities, exhibit complex behaviors that are underappreciated by microbiologists and ecologists. Furthermore, the physiological mechanisms underlying these behaviors are still poorly understood except in a few freshwater model ciliates, which are significantly different in cell structure and behavior than marine planktonic species. Here, we argue for an interdisciplinary research approach to connect physiological mechanisms with population-level outcomes of behaviors. Presenting the tintinnid ciliate Favella as a model alveolate, we review its population ecology, behavior, and cellular/molecular biology in the context of sensory biology and synthesize past research and current findings to construct a conceptual model describing the sensory biology of Favella. We discuss how emerging genomic information and new technical methods for integrating research across different levels of biological organization are paving the way for rapid advance. These research approaches will yield a deeper understanding of the role that planktonic alveolates may play in biogeochemical cycles, and how they may respond to future ocean conditions.

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“…marina is a widespread and ecologically significant heterotrophic dinoflagellate. It is an established model species for both ecological and evolutionary research due to its easy cultivable nature, extensive studies related to feeding behavior and nutrition, and its position in dinoflagellate phylogeny [38][39][40][41][42]. As an early branching dinoflagellate, O. marina is not considered a "core" dinoflagellate [13,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Gene Transformation in the Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina

2020

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The lack of a robust gene transformation tool that allows proper expression of foreign genes and functional testing for the vast number of nuclear genes in dinoflagellates has greatly hampered our understanding of the fundamental biology in this ecologically important and evolutionarily unique lineage of microeukaryotes. Here, we report the development of a dinoflagellate expression vector containing various DNA elements from phylogenetically separate dinoflagellate lineages, an electroporation protocol, and successful expression of introduced genes in an early branching dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina. This protocol, involving the use of Lonza’s Nucleofector and a codon-optimized antibiotic resistance gene, has been successfully used to produce consistent results in several independent experiments for O. marina. It is anticipated that this protocol will be adaptable for other dinoflagellates and will allow characterization of many novel dinoflagellate genes.

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An introduction to the special issue: Oxyrrhis marina, a model organism?

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Microzooplankton regulation of surface ocean POC:PON ratios

Microzooplankton regulation of surface ocean POC:PON ratios

Connecting alveolate cell biology with trophic ecology in the marine plankton using the ciliateFavellaas a model

Nuclear Gene Transformation in the Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina

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