An Introduction to the Analysis of Ancient Turbidite Basins from an Outcrop Perspective

Mutti, Emiliano; Tinterri, Roberto; Remacha, E.; Mavilla, Nicola; Angella, Stefano; Fava, Luca

doi:10.1306/ce39687

Cited by 95 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…These sands are interpreted as being deposited in a submarine fan environment by subaqueous sediment gravity flows 45 – 47 . They could have been triggered by slope failures or by huge riverine floods entering sea water and funnelled along the slope as hyperpycnal flows 48 , 49 . Based on qualitative interpretations (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling parametric uncertainty in large-scale stratigraphic simulations

Mahmudova

Civa

Caronni

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We combine forward stratigraphic models with a suite of uncertainty quantification and stochastic model calibration algorithms for the characterization of sedimentary successions in large scale systems. The analysis focuses on the information value provided by a probabilistic approach in the modelling of large-scale sedimentary basins. Stratigraphic forward models (SFMs) require a large number of input parameters usually affected by uncertainty. Thus, model calibration requires considerable time both in terms of human and computational resources, an issue currently limiting the applications of SFMs. Our work tackles this issue through the combination of sensitivity analysis, model reduction techniques and machine learning-based optimization algorithms. We first employ a two-step parameter screening procedure to identify relevant parameters and their assumed probability distributions. After selecting a restricted set of important parameters these are calibrated against available information, i.e., the depth of interpreted stratigraphic surfaces. Because of the large costs associated with SFM simulations, probability distributions of model parameters and outputs are obtained through a data driven reduced complexity model. Our study demonstrates the numerical approaches by considering a portion of the Porcupine Basin, Ireland. Results of the analysis are postprocessed to assess (i) the uncertainty and practical identifiability of model parameters given a set of observations, (ii) spatial distribution of lithologies. We analyse here the occurrences of sand bodies pinching against the continental slope, these systems likely resulting from gravity driven processes in deep sea environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling parametric uncertainty in large-scale stratigraphic simulations

Mahmudova

Civa

Caronni

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The normal grading and the predominance of tractional structures in the upper beds of the volcaniclastic interval suggest the incremental deposition from a waning sediment-laden subaqueous flow [65]. The upper laminated beds are interpreted as deposition by traction-plus-fallout sedimentation from a more upper diluted plume [66]. The massive fine-grained beds may be attributed to the settlement of silt from a turbulent suspension during the waning flow stages.…”

Section: Bottom Arenitic Interval Volcaniclastic Interval Top Areniti...mentioning

confidence: 98%

High Preservation Potential Volcaniclastic Sedimentation in the Serravallian Sequence of the Amantea Basin (Coastal Chain, North-Western Calabria)

et al. 2021

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Evidence of volcaniclastic sedimentation occurs in the first depositional sequence of the sedimentary succession of the Amantea Basin. Volcaniclastic deposits are intercalated in the upper part of a sandstone formation and these show a maximum thickness of about 8 m. The Amantea Basin is a Neogene depozone located along the Tyrrhenian margin of Calabria whose onset started during the Upper Serravallian. The source volcano to these materials had to have been located within or near to the marine basin in order to supply it with significant amounts of pyroclastic fragments emplaced by either pyroclastic fall/or flows during one or more explosive eruptions. The marine environment of volcaniclastic flows made up of pyroclastic fragments mixed with minor siliciclastic and carbonate material. The textural and structural features of the deposits and the composition of the volcanic glass fragments indicate an origin from a sub-aerial coeval explosive eruption, with initial sedimentation in a shallow marine environment, mixing with non-volcanic materials, reworking and final re-sedimentation into the basin. The age of the volcaniclastic/sedimentary sequence makes these deposits a marker for the geodynamic evolution of the area, and the lack of such horizons in the other coeval peri-Tyrrhenian basins allows us to consider the Amantea Basin as a confined elongated coastal basin area, whose tectonostratigraphic architecture denotes a structural partitioning of the eastern nascent Tyrrhenian Basin.

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“…Cross lamination together with parallel lamination (Bouma Tb and Tc) suggest deposition by turbidity currents at moderate sediment fallout rates (Bouma, 1962;Lowe, 1982;Mutti et al, 1999).…”

Section: Ripple-laminated Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beds are interpreted to have been deposited by turbidity currents as Td Bouma intervals, indicating a low-energy flow regime (Bouma, 1962;Mutti, 1992;Mutti et al, 1999).…”

Section: Planar-laminated Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

et al. 2022

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Turbidity currents commonly bypass sediment in submarine channels on the continental slope, and deposit sediment lobes farther down-dip on the flat and unconfined abyssal plain. Seafloor and outcrop data have shown that the transition from bypass to deposition usually occurs over complex zones referred to as channel–lobe transition zones (CLTZs). Recognition of these zones in cores and outcrop remains challenging due to a lack of characteristic sedimentary facies and structures. This paper focuses on Unit E of the Permian Fort Brown Formation in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, in the Slagtersfontein outcrop complex, which has previously been interpreted as a CLTZ. This study integrates thin-section micrographs, sedimentary facies, bed-set and stratigraphic architecture, and palaeoflow directions to achieve a multiscale analysis of CLTZ features. A novel process-based facies scheme is developed to evaluate deposits in terms of the depositional or erosional tendencies of the flows that formed them. This scheme allows bypass to be distinguished from depositional zones by the spatial distribution of certain sediment facies. Areas of net sediment bypass were predominantly marked by erosive sediment facies and a larger variability in palaeoflow direction while depositional areas showed a lower variability in palaeoflow directions. Metre-scale structures in the bypass-dominated area reveal seafloor erosion and scour formation. Field relations suggest the presence of a ∼500 m long mega-scour in the CLTZ. The characteristic structures documented here are applicable for identifying CLTZs in sparse datasets such as outcrops with limited palaeogeographical context and sediment cores obtained from subsurface systems.

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An Introduction to the Analysis of Ancient Turbidite Basins from an Outcrop Perspective

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling parametric uncertainty in large-scale stratigraphic simulations

Modelling parametric uncertainty in large-scale stratigraphic simulations

High Preservation Potential Volcaniclastic Sedimentation in the Serravallian Sequence of the Amantea Basin (Coastal Chain, North-Western Calabria)

Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

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