- An Introduction to Soil Science Basics

Burgess, Lynn C.

doi:10.1201/b13683-6

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…For carrots, root accumulation of Cd was about five times more than the regulatory limits for men, eight times more for women, and 12 times more for small children (Table ). Cadmium is a major carcinogen affecting many body functions (Brevik, ; Morgan, ). Also from the previous discussion, it was documented that this Cd becomes readily available from the soil solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal Uptake in Plants and Health Risk Assessments in Metal‐Contaminated Smelter Soils

2013

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Metal pollution is an important concern because of its potential to affect human health. Metals such as lead and cadmium can enter soil via the food chain and exceed normal limits, producing harmful effects. In this study, six common garden and residential plant species were grown in soils from Spelter, WV, USA, contaminated with a variety of metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu). Plant species included radish, carrot, chicory, spinach, lettuce, and clover. Metal concentrations in plant tissues were compared with metal concentration in soil by a multi‐step chemical extraction. The largest accumulation of Pb (126 mg kg−1) and Zn (1493 mg kg−1) was seen in radish roots, with Cd (40 mg kg−1) having the largest accumulation in carrot roots. Comparisons of plant availability with soil chemical extractions indicated that the combined soluble and exchangeable fractions could estimate available Zn and Cd for all six plant species. For Pb and Cu, however, the comparisons indicate that these two elements were not readily available in Spelter soils. A health risk assessment was carried out for residents at Spelter on the basis of edible tissue concentrations and publicly available consumption data. Uptake of Cd by carrot roots was about five times more than the regulatory limits for men, eight times more for women, and 12 times more for children. On the basis of the results, carrot and lettuce grown in these soils have the potential to cause toxicological problems in men, women, and young children resulting from Cd and Zn accumulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal Uptake in Plants and Health Risk Assessments in Metal‐Contaminated Smelter Soils

2013

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“…Compared to the USEPA levels, Louisiana adopted slightly more lenient As levels given higher geochemical background levels in the state (E. Ballow, personal communication, 2012). Sikora et al (2010) stated, “when values exceed these [threshold] concentrations (in soils), the site needs further study for cleanup efforts.” By comparison, other countries’ metal/metalloid limits can be either more restrictive (e.g., Cu 190 mg kg −1 in The Netherlands; Cr 64–220 mg kg −1 in Canada) or more lenient (e.g., As 32–43 mg kg −1 in the United Kingdom) than the United States (Morgan, 2013). Many heavy metals and metalloids have deleterious health effects on humans and animals.…”

Section: Regulatory Limits On Heavy Metals Applied To Soils (Usepa 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic in Schoolyard Soils

Gardner¹,

Weindorf

Flynn

2013

Soil Horizons

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Historically, wood products were treated with chemicals to prevent rot and decay. Many chemicals contained high levels of Cr, Cu, and As. In addition to residential uses (e.g., decks), many such products were utilized for playground equipment on public school grounds. High rainfall in southern Louisiana poses a risk for metallic elements to leach into soils adjacent to playground structures. In this study, wood products at 11 public schools in Louisiana were evaluated to determine (i) residual presence of Cr, Cu, and As in schoolyard lumber and (ii) if those metallic elements leached into soils adjacent to playground equipment. Wood products and soils were evaluated on‐site using a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer. Results readily identified two different types of wood products used in schoolyard playgrounds: (i) chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated lumber, typical of older wood products and (ii) newer wood products preserved with high levels of Cu, virtually devoid of Cr and As (non‐CCA). Many CCA lumber products had Cr levels of 2500 mg kg−1 or higher. In areas featuring CCA lumber, levels of As and Cu in adjacent soils were two to three times higher than levels of comparable control soils at the same schools; Cr levels were also higher than control soils. At 7 of the 11 schools evaluated, As levels in soils exceeded state screening limits. Schools can help to limit exposure to such elements by replacing CCA treated wood, and for contaminated soils, deep tilling, excavation/replacement, or covering soils with wood mulch or gravel.

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“…Louisiana screening standard limits and management standard limits are also set at 400 mg kg −1 (Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, 2003). In other countries, permissible Pb limits in soils are even more stringent (e.g., 300 mg kg −1 in Australia and 140 mg kg −1 in Canada) (Morgan, 2013). Chronic exposure to Pb can lead to mental lapses, nervous system and kidney damage, learning disabilities, poor muscle coordination, hearing damage, hypertension, and decreased muscle and bone growth (Soil Survey Staff, 2000; USEPA, 2003; Morgan, 2013).…”

Section: Regulatory Limits On Heavy Metals Applied To Soils (Usepa 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Contamination in Schoolyard Soils

Scott¹,

Weindorf

Matthews

2013

Soil Horizons

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Lead contamination in soils can pose a serious health threat to children. Lead has been widely linked to a number of health issues such as mental lapses, learning disability, and damage to the nervous system. Old, chipped paint is a common source of Pb in soils whereby the paint chips accumulate in soils. Young children playing in such contaminated soils are at risk of inadvertently ingesting Pb. Soils at 11 public schools in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana were scanned for Pb using portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. Soils at four of the evaluated schools contained Pb levels >400 mg kg−1, the USEPA and Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality screening limit for Pb levels in bare soils in areas of play. Many areas of chipping paint on buildings and paint flakes on soils were noted. Several simple steps can and should be taken to limit children's exposure to Pb‐contaminated soils in public school settings.

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- An Introduction to Soil Science Basics

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Metal Uptake in Plants and Health Risk Assessments in Metal‐Contaminated Smelter Soils

Metal Uptake in Plants and Health Risk Assessments in Metal‐Contaminated Smelter Soils

Presence of Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic in Schoolyard Soils

Lead Contamination in Schoolyard Soils

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