An introduction to probiotics for dental health

McBain, Andrew J.; Madhwani, Tejal; Etough, John; Ledder, Ruth G.

doi:10.1616/1476-2137.15748

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…Since probiotics may have positive impacts on the gut, their potential effects on other systems, such as the mouth (15,16) and the urogenital tract (17), have also been investigated. For example, a study in 2002 examined the impact of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum to patients who had abdominal surgery and showed that this bacterium lowered the incidence of postsurgical infection (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits the Toxic Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on Epidermal Keratinocytes

Mohammedsaeed

McBain

Cruickshank

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Few studies have evaluated the potential benefits of the topical application of probiotic bacteria or material derived from them. We have investigated whether a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection of human primary keratinocytes in culture. When primary human keratinocytes were exposed to S. aureus, only 25% of the keratinocytes remained viable following 24 h of incubation. However, in the presence of 10 8 CFU/ml of live L. rhamnosus GG, the viability of the infected keratinocytes increased to 57% (P ‫؍‬ 0.01). L. rhamnosus GG lysates and spent culture fluid also provided significant protection to keratinocytes, with 65% (P ‫؍‬ 0.006) and 57% (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) of cells, respectively, being viable following 24 h of incubation. Keratinocyte survival was significantly enhanced regardless of whether the probiotic was applied in the viable form or as cell lysates 2 h before or simultaneously with (P ‫؍‬ 0.005) or 12 h after (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) S. aureus infection. However, spent culture fluid was protective only if added before or simultaneously with S. aureus. With respect to mechanism, both L. rhamnosus GG lysate and spent culture fluid apparently inhibited adherence of S. aureus to keratinocytes by competitive exclusion, but only viable bacteria or the lysate could displace S. aureus (P ‫؍‬ 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, growth of S. aureus was inhibited by either live bacteria or lysate but not spent culture fluid. Together, these data suggest at least two separate activities involved in the protective effects of L. rhamnosus GG against S. aureus, growth inhibition and reduction of bacterial adhesion.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits the Toxic Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on Epidermal Keratinocytes

Mohammedsaeed

McBain

Cruickshank

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In the past decade, studies on the potential applications of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity for prevention and/or treatment of oral diseases have increased significantly (for reviews, see Refs. 3, 4). …”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of a commercial probiotic drink containingLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota on oral health in healthy dentate people

Sutula¹,

Coulthwaite²,

Thomas³

2013

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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BackgroundIn the past decade, the use of probiotic-containing products has been explored as a potential alternative in oral health therapy. A widely available probiotic drink, Yakult, was evaluated for oral health applications in this longitudinal study. Selected oral health parameters, such as levels and composition of salivary and tongue plaque microbiota and of malodorous gases, in dentate healthy individuals were investigated for changes. The persistence of the probiotic strain in the oral cavity was monitored throughout the study period.MethodsA three-phase study (7 weeks) was designed to investigate simultaneously the effect of 4-week consumption of the probiotic-containing milk drink Yakult on the microbiota of saliva and dorsum tongue coating in healthy dentate people (n = 22) and levels of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning breath. Study phases comprised one baseline visit, at which ‘control’ levels of oral parameters were obtained prior to the probiotic product consumption; a 4-week period of daily consumption of one 65 ml bottle of Yakult, each bottle containing a minimum of 6.5×109 viable cells of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS); and a 2-week washout period. The microbial viability and composition of saliva and tongue dorsum coating were assessed using a range of solid media. The presence of LcS in the oral cavity was investigated using a novel selective medium, ‘LcS Select’. Portable sulphur monitors Halimeter® and OralChromaTM were used to measure levels of VSCs in morning breath.ResultsUtilization of the LcS Select medium revealed a significant (p < 0.05) but temporary and consumption-dependent presence of LcS in saliva and tongue plaque samples from healthy dentate individuals (n = 19) during the probiotic intervention phase. LcS was undetectable with culture after 2 weeks of ceasing its consumption. Morning breath scores measured with Halimeter and OralChroma were not significantly affected throughout the trial, except in a small number of individual cases where Halimeter scores were significantly reduced during the probiotic intervention period. Natural fluctuations in resident acidogenic populations, and numbers of Candida and anaerobic species, including malodourous Gram-negative anaerobes, were unaffected.ConclusionWhile no broad ecological changes in the mouth were induced by consumption of Yakult in healthy dentate individuals, findings of this study confirm the temporary and intake-dependent presence of LcS. Future studies could focus on subjects at greater risk of oral infection, where ill-defined microbiota (e.g. an increased presence of periopathogens) or clinically diagnosed halitosis might be significantly affected by consumption of this probiotic.

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“…The ability to produce acid varies significantly between strains and if they belong to the homofermentative or heterofermentative group [36]. Some strains, such as L. plantarum 299v can not only ferment carbohydrates (e.g., glucose and fructose) but also sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol) leading to a decrease in pH in-vitro.…”

Section: Strain Selectionmentioning

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Lactobacilli for the Treatment of Oral Diseases

Hoffmann¹,

Daniels²

2017

J Prob Health

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Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that beneficially affect the host. Probiotic bacteria have been used therapeutically for years to target gastrointestinal disease by rebalancing the complex microflora. Besides the gastrointestinal tract also the oral cavity is highly colonized by bacteria and many different bacterial species are part of the microbiota in the mouth, as it offers ideal conditions for bacteria with a stable temperature, moist surface with a relatively stable pH and regular supply of nutrients. By disturbing the balance of microorganisms in the oral cavity or by extensive accumulation of plaque, the ratio of pathogenic organisms can increase and lead to oral health problems. Probiotic bacteria, like lactobacilli, are a promising treatment strategy for oral diseases with a microbiological aetiology. Those include plaqueassociated diseases like dental caries, which is an infectious disease with microbial processes eroding and destroying the hard dental tissue or inflammation of periodontal tissue, namely gingivitis and the more severe periodontitis. Moreover, endodontic infections, and even fungal, viral and acute bacterial infections could be treated by a probiotic therapy. The interest of probiotics in the field of oral health is growing, although it is still in its infancy. The present review adresses criteria for the selection of probiotic lactobacilli strains. It encompasses existing evidence on the use of lactobacilli for caries, halitosis and candidiasis, as well as for periodontal disease like Gingivitis and periodontitis.

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An introduction to probiotics for dental health

Cited by 6 publications

References 222 publications

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits the Toxic Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on Epidermal Keratinocytes

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits the Toxic Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on Epidermal Keratinocytes

The effect of a commercial probiotic drink containingLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota on oral health in healthy dentate people

Lactobacilli for the Treatment of Oral Diseases

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