An Introduction to Open-Path FT-IR Atmospheric Monitoring

Marshall, Timothy L.; Chaffin, Charles T.; Hammaker, Robert M.; Fateley, William G.

doi:10.1021/es00054a002

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The advantages of open-path FT-IR Spectroscopy include: no sample collection, handling ar preparation is necessary; good sensivity for certain species; real time data collection and reporting; ability to simultaneously and continuously analyze many compounds; remote, long-path measurements; in situ application; stored data can be used and re-analyzed for a divers range of volatile or non-volatile compounds; cost effectiveness (Marshall et al, 1994).…”

Section: Open Path Ft-ir Spectroscopy In Environmental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All compounds in the vapor will give unique fingerprints of absorbance features which will be compared to a library of spectra on the computer. This comparison will be useful to identify and quatify in real time.The advantages of open-path FT-IR Spectroscopy include: no sample collection, handling ar preparation is necessary; good sensivity for certain species; real time data collection and reporting; ability to simultaneously and continuously analyze many compounds; remote, long-path measurements; in situ application; stored data can be used and re-analyzed for a divers range of volatile or non-volatile compounds; cost effectiveness (Marshall et al, 1994).The main disadvantage of OP-FTIR is considered to be the fact that it can be applied only to the cases with high concentrations of gases such as stack measurement, landfill measurement, and fence-line monitoring (Hong et al, 2004). Thus Perry et al (1995) and Tso and Chang applied OP-FTIR to determine the VOC and ammonia concentrations in industrial areas, the concentration of pollutants being in this area in the level of 0.1 ppm Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies 71 (Perry et al, 1995;Tso and Chang, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies

Simonescu¹

2012

Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the electromagnetic spectrum (adapted from http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum)? Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy 50Infrared radiation is divided into:near (NIR, ν = 10,000 -4,000 cm -1 ); -middle (MIR, ν = 4,000 -200 cm -1 ) and -far (FIR, ν = 200 -10 cm -1 ).Because all compounds show characteristic absorption/emission in the IR spectral region and based on this property they can be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively using FT-IR spectroscopy.Today FT-IR instruments are digitalized and are faster and more sensitive than the older ones. FT-IR spectrometers can detect over a hundred volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from industrial and biogenic sources. Gas concentrations in stratosphere and troposphere were determined using FT-IR spectrometers (Puckrin et al., 1996).In case of environmental studies FTIR Spectroscopy is used to analyze relevant amount of compositional and structural information concerning environmental samples (Grube et al., 2008). The analysis can be performed also to determine the nature of pollutants, but also to determine the bonding mechanism in case of pollutants removal by sorption processes. Techniques for measuring gas pollutants such as continuous air pollutants analyzer (SO2, NO2, O3, NH3), on-line gas chromatography (GC) used simple real-time instruments to quantify gas pollutants. They need to use several sensors in order to analyze multiple gas pollutants simultaneously.FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with other spectroscopic techniques such as AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy) have been used to assess the impact of industrial and natural activities on air quality (Kumar et al., 2005;Childers et al., 2001).In addition to the traditional transmission FTIR (T-FTIR) methods (e.g. KBr-pellet or mull techniques), modern reflectance techniques are widely used today in environmental, agricultural, pharmaceuticals, and food studies. These modern techniques are attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The choice of the method to be used depends on many factors such as: the information needed (bulk versus surface analysis), the physical form of the sample, the time required for sample preparation (Majedová et al., 2003).In the following there will be presented some of the most important research studies related to the involvement of FTIR spectroscopy in environmental studies. Traditional transmission FT-IR (T-FTIR) spectroscopy in environmental studiesTransmission spectroscopy is the oldest and most commonly used method for identifying either organic or inorganic chemicals providing specific information on molecular structure, chemical bonding and molecular environment. It can be applied to study solids, liquids or gaseous samples being a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative studies. Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies 51FTIR instrument's principle of function is the following: IR radi...

show abstract

Section: Open Path Ft-ir Spectroscopy In Environmental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies

Simonescu¹

2012

Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advantages includes the ability to perform chemical fingerprinting; the ability to detect compounds in smaller concentrations without extraction or derivatization (nondestructive method) and the possibility of using the instrumentation in the sampling site. Thus the losses may be diminished of the samples during their transportation, cooling and storage; also, smaller sample sizes may be used with no requirement for sample preparation (Allen and Palen, 1989;Allen et al, 1994;Marshall et al, 1994;Coury and Dillner, 2008;Navarta et al, 2008). In addition, in spectroscopic techniques, several samples can be selected in order to perform GC/MS quantitative analysis at a later stage, thus reducing economic costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Emissivity, Transmittance, and Reflectance Infrared Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with those of Atmospheric Particulates (PM1)

Agudelo-Castañeda

Teixeira

Schneider

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of various complex organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, and two or more condensed benzene rings. They are released into the atmosphere by the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. Some of the major sources of PAHs are burning of coal, wood, oil or gas, vehicle engines exhaust, and open burning. PAHs are of great concern to human health mainly because of their known carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Consequently, it is very important to study atmospheric PAHs, especially those associated with ultrafine particles. This study aims to identify the spectral features of PAHs in samples of particulate matter < 1 µm (PM 1 ) using infrared spectrometry. Emissivity and transmittance spectra of PAHs were obtained by infrared spectroscopy. PAHs standards spectra contributed to effectively identify PAHs in PM 1 samples. Emissivity and transmittance spectra in the range of 680-900 cm -1 exhibited the largest number of bands due to C-C out-of-plane angular deformations and C-H out-of-plane angular deformations. Bands of medium intensity in 2900-3050 cm -1 region were also observed due to C-H stretching typical of aromatic compounds, although with lower intensity. This study compared the emissivity and transmittance spectra acquired using two different infrared spectrometers in order to identify PAHs in samples of atmospheric particulate matter and analyzed the capability and advantages of each of the infrared spectrometers. In addition, it was confirmed that the PAHs under study can be distinguished by their infrared spectral fingerprints.

show abstract

“…4 Techniques used to monitor phosphine concentrations outside fumigated structures include colorimetric tubes, 5 electrochemical detectors, 6 infrared spectroscopy, 7 and gas chromatography. 8 Although each of these techniques is useful for point measurements, it is difficult to use these detection methods to determine average phosphine concentrations when sampling over distances approaching 100 m. Open-path FTIR offers advantages (sampling capability, versatility, and lower average detection limit) over point sampling techniques 9 and has previously been used to quantitate various volatile organic compounds in industrial atmospheres. [10][11][12] A novel application of open-path FTIR is the quantitation of phosphine in air over long distances (Ն100 m) during the fumigation of tobacco warehouses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐path FTIR air monitoring of phosphine around large fumigated structures

Thorn¹,

Marshall²,

Chaffin³

2001

Field Analytical Chem & Tech

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Storage structures (silos, warehouses, and similar structures) are routinely fumigated for disinfestation of pests. This process includes sealing the structure, adding a fumigant (phosphine, methyl bromide, and other fumigants), maintaining a certain concentration of the fumigant, and aerating the structure after all fumigant has been removed or has dissipated. Phosphine concentrations in the air surrounding large fumigated structures at a tobacco storage facility were measured using an open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer system. These measurements provided more comprehensive data than could be obtained with multiple single-point detection devices. Specifically, this novel application of open-path FTIR was investigated to more completely characterize phosphine concentrations over long path lengths using a single FTIR. Phosphine levels were below the detection limit [Ͻ0.07 parts per million (ppm)] approximately 20 meters (m) east of a warehouse. Phosphine was detected at approximately 4 ppm inside a warehouse at the end of fumigation and just prior to aeration. Levels of phosphine directly in front of the doors of another fumigated warehouse, immediately after aeration, ranged from Ͻ0.07 to 8.3 ppm. Six different sampling paths were also used to investigate the levels of phosphine in various areas of the facility. Average phosphine levels in air around sealed warehouses under active fumigation were found to be the below detection limit.

show abstract

An Introduction to Open-Path FT-IR Atmospheric Monitoring

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies

Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies

Comparison of Emissivity, Transmittance, and Reflectance Infrared Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with those of Atmospheric Particulates (PM1)

Open‐path FTIR air monitoring of phosphine around large fumigated structures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About